40 كلمة تتعلمها قبل قراءة «الديمقراطية: زائفة أم حقيقية؟»
Democracy—false or true?
40 كلمة يكررها السير و. ب. ريتشموند في «الديمقراطية: زائفة أم حقيقية؟»، وليست بين أكثر 4000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية. تعلّمها أولًا تصبح الفصول الأولى أسهل بكثير. لكل كلمة نطقها ومعناها وجملة من الكتاب.
labour/ˈɫeɪbɝ/عمل، شغل92 مرة في الكتاب
Obviously, the gods thought well of labour and the labourer both loved and feared the gods.
wag/ˈwæɡ/أجور38 مرة في الكتاب
If wages reach an extravagant sum, capital will not find the money to pay them.
leisure/ˈɫɛʒɝ/راحة، خلو من العمل، فراغ، وقت الفراغ33 مرة في الكتاب
Before Labour is fit to govern it must learn how to use leisure.
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/نبيل، شريف30 مرة في الكتاب
a very noble art going hand in hand with “modern” economies and created in a primitive age, as we call it.
idle/ˈaɪdəɫ/عاطل عن العمل29 مرة في الكتاب
In the period of exercise to gain some experience capital would be wasted; it might be gambled away or spent in hours of idle self-indulgence.
ignorant/ˈɪɡnɝənt/جاهل26 مرة في الكتاب
One thing, however, is pretty certain; he will be as good or evil, ignorant or learned, as he chooses.
neighbour/ˈneɪbɝ/جار، جارة23 مرة في الكتاب
… and, having done that as the first duty to his neighbour and to himself as an honourable man, he must have proved by the good use of his hours of leisure that he is in earnest …
workman/ˈwɝkmən/عامل، شغيل23 مرة في الكتاب
… our workmen still saw straight according to their ancient traditions as yet unbroken, as yet deaf to “catch words” from noisy rhetoric out of the mouths of ignorant and mischievous leaders inflated by vanity and rendered blind by egotism and desire for power over a more ignorant but clear-thinking workman.
poison/ˈpɔɪzən/سم23 مرة في الكتاب
Iron, steel, explosives, every poison upon the Pharmacy List, every evil pulsation of the heart were German weapons.
agriculture/ˈæɡɹɪˌkəɫtʃɝ/زراعة، فلاحة23 مرة في الكتاب
Demeter was the goddess of corn, the protectress of agriculture.
craftsmanship/ˈkɹæfsmənˌʃɪp/مهارة صناعية22 مرة في الكتاب
What was the meaning of all this superb beauty of labour and craftsmanship?
industrious/ˌɪnˈdəstɹiəs/مجتهد21 مرة في الكتاب
If a man is industrious he has trained himself to be so by acting upon a theory which he has found to be advantageous.
primitive/ˈpɹɪmətɪv/بدائي20 مرة في الكتاب
We still think of Apollo as the primitive author and forerunner of all that Greece became.
prevail/pɹiˈveɪɫ/يسود20 مرة في الكتاب
It prevailed!
cease/ˈsis/زال20 مرة في الكتاب
When reason and peaceful persuasion cease to avail, powder and shot have to be used, and sometimes unmercifully!
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/غريزة، سليقة، فطرة20 مرة في الكتاب
There is a great deal to be said for emotion, it is our strongest instinct.
artificial/ˌɑɹtəˈfɪʃəɫ/متصنع، صناعي20 مرة في الكتاب
It is evident whatever artificial light they used was smokeless, because the ceiling and walls are not discoloured.
honour/ˈɑnɝ/يكرم، يحترم، يفي بـ19 مرة في الكتاب
Thus have they done it honour.
discontent/dɪskənˈtɛnt/ساخط19 مرة في الكتاب
And yet somehow, although perhaps they cannot define it, they feel a want, a yearning for something better, and it is that which makes their souls discontented, hard, and unsympathetic.
industrialismالتصنيع17 مرة في الكتاب
… the voices of the winds, even the wild utterances of beasts of the forest than the shrieks of machinery of which industrialism is so proud.
craftsman/ˈkɹæfsmən/صانع، حرفي17 مرة في الكتاب
… from a straw bed, from a girl of the people and a craftsman.
tyranny/ˈtɪɹəni/طغيان، استبداد17 مرة في الكتاب
Licence is, in fact, the grossest form of tyranny.
worship/ˈwɝʃəp/عبد، سجد17 مرة في الكتاب
… for fear of vengeance from the God of Light, whom they worshipped.
recognise/ˈɹɛkəɡˌnaɪz/يعترف15 مرة في الكتاب
… and they are quite capable to do that, will recognise that to preach “equality” is one thing; it sounds attractive …
folly/ˈfɑɫi/حماقة15 مرة في الكتاب
What folly it is when it is regarded coolly, rationally and with common sense!
cultivate/ˈkəɫtəˌveɪt/مزروعة15 مرة في الكتاب
First comes the open country, freely cultivated, then the city …
agitator/ˈædʒəˌteɪtɝ/محرضون14 مرة في الكتاب
The most prominent agitators fell as victims to their cruelties and misdeeds.
squalor/ˈskwɑɫɝ/بؤس وقذارة14 مرة في الكتاب
I have lived long enough to have seen the agriculture of our dear country productive and the people, relatively to now, content; when squalor was a far rarer spectacle than now.
starve/ˈstɑɹv/مات جوعا14 مرة في الكتاب
Doubtless starving.
desirable/dɪˈzaɪɝəbəɫ/مرغوب، مستحب، محبب14 مرة في الكتاب
It is likely that the desirable, according to my philosophy, would be the undesirable to many, perhaps, just now, most people!
genius/ˈdʒinjəs/عبقرية14 مرة في الكتاب
… these monuments to the skill, industry and genius of Egyptian craftsmen 4,000 years ago stand as an example to us moderns, who at present show no signs of handing their genius down even to a dozen generations.
centre/ˈsɛntɝ/مركز، وسط13 مرة في الكتاب
All the pagan gods emanate from the Divine centre, be it Olympus, Rome, or Jerusalem.
selfish/ˈsɛɫfɪʃ/أناني13 مرة في الكتاب
… to please their followers whom they have coerced, would advocate a purely class and selfish policy which might lead to civil war, of all wars the one which is certainly soul-killing.
erect/ɪˈɹɛkt/يقيم13 مرة في الكتاب
They thought thus to obliterate His teaching, to wipe out the Ideal He taught, the Utopia He would erect—a kingdom of the soul that He would revive in the materialistic Roman decay.
neglect/nəˈɡɫɛkt/أهمل13 مرة في الكتاب
We, the English, were growing idle, neglecting agriculture, buying from foreign markets instead of creating our own.
goods/ˈɡʊdz/بضائع، سلع، بضاعة، متاع12 مرة في الكتاب
The agricultural labourer is helping to feed his country, the craftsman is making desirable and durable goods for his own as well as foreign markets, and they must be the best he can turn out to his honour!
simplicity/sɪmˈpɫɪsəti/بساطة12 مرة في الكتاب
In their efforts to codify it and convert its simplicity into dogmatic and puzzling creeds, upon acceptance of which or not depends the salvation or damnation of the human race …
attain/əˈteɪn/بلوغ نتيجة مرغوبة أو هدف بجهد أصاب12 مرة في الكتاب
If it were possible to attain equality it would ruin the world; it would paralyse effort; it would reduce mankind to a system of self-indulgence, lassitude, and, finally, to imbecility.
peasant/ˈpɛzənt/فلاح، فلاحة12 مرة في الكتاب
Apollo the Healer was to give way before the child of a Nazarene peasant and a humble carpenter.
labourerعمال زراعيون11 مرة في الكتاب
Think of it, farmers, agricultural labourers, and all who live on and by the land!
المعاني: English Wiktionary via kaikki.org, English to Arabic (CC-BY-SA) النطق: ipa-dict (MIT)، من ويكاموس.
اقرأ الكتاب مجانًاترجمة لكل جملة، وصوت طبيعي، وقاموس بلمسة واحدة