40 كلمة تتعلمها قبل قراءة «الإلياذة»
The Iliad
40 كلمة يكررها هوميروس في «الإلياذة»، وليست بين أكثر 4000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية. تعلّمها أولًا تصبح الفصول الأولى أسهل بكثير. لكل كلمة نطقها ومعناها وجملة من الكتاب.
spear/ˈspɪɹ/رمح، حربة462 مرة في الكتاب
Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.”
armour/ˈɑɹmɝ/درع220 مرة في الكتاب
As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.
chariot/ˈtʃɛɹiət/عربة209 مرة في الكتاب
… give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day …
shield/ˈʃiɫd/مجن، ترس، درع183 مرة في الكتاب
Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses …
till/ˈtɪɫ/حتى، إلى أن، ريثما174 مرة في الكتاب
A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it.
brave/ˈbɹeɪv/شجاع، جريء، جسور151 مرة في الكتاب
Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures …
bronze/ˈbɹɑnz/برنز، فلز، برونز127 مرة في الكتاب
He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him.”
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/نبيل، شريف125 مرة في الكتاب
And Achilles answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize?
mighty/ˈmaɪti/قوي، قادر، مقتدر، عزيز، قدير، جبار109 مرة في الكتاب
… son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the anger of the god.”
arrow/ˈæɹoʊ/سهم102 مرة في الكتاب
… grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans.”
helmet/ˈhɛɫmət/خوذة، بيضة86 مرة في الكتاب
Priam’s son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans, and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those who were longing for the fray.
fleet/ˈfɫit/أسطول85 مرة في الكتاب
He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him.
goddess/ˈɡɑdəs/إلاهة، إلهة82 مرة في الكتاب
Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans.
immortal/ˌɪˈmɔɹtəɫ/خالد75 مرة في الكتاب
Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals.
sword/ˈsɔɹd/سيف، حسام73 مرة في الكتاب
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside …
honour/ˈɑnɝ/يكرم، يحترم، يفي بـ72 مرة في الكتاب
I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel.
comrade/ˈkɑmˌɹæd/رفيق، رفيقة، صديق، صديقة70 مرة في الكتاب
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him.
sorrow/ˈsɑɹoʊ/حزن64 مرة في الكتاب
“Of a truth,” he said, “a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land.
lord/ˈɫɔɹd/رب63 مرة في الكتاب
Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons.
whereonحيث63 مرة في الكتاب
He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons.
lion/ˈɫaɪən/أسد، ليث58 مرة في الكتاب
Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then …
glory/ˈɡɫɔɹi/مجد، شرف56 مرة في الكتاب
Ofttimes in my father’s house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others …
goodly/ˈɡʊdɫi/وسيم53 مرة في الكتاب
Tell me, then, who is yonder huge hero so great and goodly?
mortal/ˈmɔɹtəɫ/فان52 مرة في الكتاب
… but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger …
fury/ˈfjʊɹi/حنق، غيظ51 مرة في الكتاب
As when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west wind has lashed it into fury—it has reared its head afar and now comes crashing down on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over the jagged rocks and spews its salt foam in all directions—even so did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans march steadfastly to battle.
foremost/ˈfɔɹˌmoʊst/الأبرز50 مرة في الكتاب
… not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans.”
weep/ˈwip/بكى، يبكي49 مرة في الكتاب
Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters.
fierce/ˈfɪɹs/الأشد ضراوة49 مرة في الكتاب
These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them.
dart/ˈdɑɹt/خزاقة48 مرة في الكتاب
Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans.
valiant/ˈvæɫjənt/شجاع47 مرة في الكتاب
Then Agamemnon said, “Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me.
sack/ˈsæk/يدمر46 مرة في الكتاب
… “and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety …
vouchsafeيمنح40 مرة في الكتاب
… may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans to fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the victory?
hither/ˈhɪðɝ/إلى هنا39 مرة في الكتاب
… son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her—which will press him harder.”
ransom/ˈɹænsəm/فدية39 مرة في الكتاب
Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath …
aegis/ˈidʒəs/حامل الترس38 مرة في الكتاب
“Why are you here,” said he, “daughter of aegis-bearing Jove?
pierce/ˈpɪɹs/ثقب38 مرة في الكتاب
Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.”
perish/ˈpɛɹɪʃ/يهلك37 مرة في الكتاب
Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king …
rein/ˈɹeɪn/زمام، عنان37 مرة في الكتاب
He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain.
spoil/ˈspɔɪɫ/غنيمة37 مرة في الكتاب
We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil.
sheep/ˈʃip/خروف، ضأن، غنم، شاء، حمل37 مرة في الكتاب
And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies upon the grass lands.
المعاني: English Wiktionary via kaikki.org, English to Arabic (CC-BY-SA) النطق: ipa-dict (MIT)، من ويكاموس.
اقرأ الكتاب مجانًاترجمة لكل جملة، وصوت طبيعي، وقاموس بلمسة واحدة