「善悪の彼岸」を読む前に覚えたい英単語40
Beyond Good and Evil
フリードリヒ・ニーチェが「善悪の彼岸」で何度も使う、英語の頻出4,000語に入らない40語です。先に覚えておくと、最初の章がずっと読みやすくなります。各単語に発音記号、意味、本文の例文をつけました。
philosopher/fəˈɫɑsəfɝ/哲学者本文に113回
… which is to tempt us to many a hazardous enterprise, the famous Truthfulness of which all philosophers have hitherto spoken with respect, what questions has this Will to Truth not laid before us!
morality/mɝˈæɫəti/道徳, 倫理本文に88回
… it is always well (and wise) to first ask oneself: "What morality do they (or does he) aim at?"
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/本能本文に71回
… just as little is "being-conscious" OPPOSED to the instinctive in any decisive sense; the greater part of the conscious thinking of a philosopher is secretly influenced by his instincts, and forced into definite channels.
hitherto/ˈhɪˌðɝˈtu/今まで, これまで本文に61回
… such as will have other tastes and inclinations, the reverse of those hitherto prevalent—philosophers of the dangerous "Perhaps" in every sense of the term.
conscience/ˈkɑnʃəns/良心, 道義心, 善悪を判断する力本文に56回
… of their prejudices, which they dub "truths,"—and VERY far from having the conscience which bravely admits this to itself, very far from having the good taste of the courage which goes so far as to let this be understood …
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/高潔な, 気高い本文に52回
Oh, you noble Stoics, what fraud of words!
sympathy/ˈsɪmpəθi/共感, 思いやり本文に46回
The latter, when they write books, are in the habit at present of taking the side of criminals; a sort of socialistic sympathy is their favourite disguise.
nowadays/ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz/今日では, このごろは本文に43回
… actual, and certain"—will encounter a smile and two notes of interrogation in a philosopher nowadays.
refine/ɹəˈfaɪn/を洗練する, 上品にする, 優雅にする本文に32回
… even from the logician's point of view, to get along without the little "one" (to which the worthy old "ego" has refined itself).
honour/ˈɑnɝ/名誉, 栄光, 名声本文に31回
The belief in "immediate certainties" is a MORAL NAIVETE which does honour to us philosophers; but—we have now to cease being "MERELY moral" men!
sentiment/ˈsɛnəmənt/感情, 心情, 気持ち本文に29回
… is cruelly befooled and abused, until a man learns to introduce a little art into his sentiments, and prefers to try conclusions with the artificial …
namely/ˈneɪmɫi/すなわち, つまり本文に28回
It has gradually become clear to me what every great philosophy up till now has consisted of—namely, the confession of its originator …
consequently/ˈkɑnsəˌkwɛntɫi/その結果として, 従って本文に27回
… and on the face of it, the word signifies "Flatterers of Dionysius"—consequently, tyrants' accessories and lick-spittles …
mankind/ˈmænˈkaɪnd/人類, 人間本文に24回
Let us call this period the PRE-MORAL period of mankind; the imperative, "Know thyself!"
conceal/kənˈsiɫ/を隠す本文に24回
He, the old school-teacher of Samos, who sat concealed in his little garden at Athens, and wrote three hundred books, perhaps out of rage and ambitious envy of Plato, who knows!
genius/ˈdʒinjəs/天才[の人]本文に24回
… where by a freak of nature, genius is bound to some such indiscreet billy-goat and ape, as in the case of the Abbe Galiani …
betray/bɪˈtɹeɪ/…を示す, 表す本文に23回
… and non-freedom; it is suspicious to have such feelings—the person betrays himself.
folly/ˈfɑɫi/愚かさ, 愚劣本文に22回
… it is a sort of logical violation and unnaturalness; but the extravagant pride of man has managed to entangle itself profoundly and frightfully with this very folly.
deceive/dɪˈsiv/を欺く, だます, 裏切る本文に22回
Granting that he deceived himself in this matter; the development and rapid flourishing of German philosophy depended nevertheless on his pride …
conception/kənˈsɛpʃən/概念, 観念, 考え本文に22回
… notwithstanding that it disguised itself so boldly, in hoary and senile conceptions), than to take it seriously …
sacrifice/ˈsækɹəˌfaɪs/犠牲にすること, 犠牲的行為本文に22回
Never yet did a PROFOUNDER world of insight reveal itself to daring travelers and adventurers, and the psychologist who thus "makes a sacrifice"—it is not the sacrifizio dell' intelletto, on the contrary!—will at least be entitled to demand in return that psychology shall once more be recognized as the queen of the sciences …
divine/dɪˈvaɪn/直感した本文に22回
They divined in him—and as it were behind the questionableness of his frail and wretched appearance—the superior force which wished to test itself by such a subjugation; the strength of will …
contrary/ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/正反対本文に21回
In the philosopher, on the contrary, there is absolutely nothing impersonal …
stupidity/stuˈpɪdɪˌti/愚かさ, 愚鈍本文に20回
If any one should find out in this manner the crass stupidity of the celebrated conception of "free will" and put it out of his head altogether, I beg of him to carry his "enlightenment" a step further …
disguise/dɪsˈɡaɪz/…を見せかける, 偽る本文に20回
One can do no greater wrong to the whole of this exuberant and eccentric movement (which was really youthfulness, notwithstanding that it disguised itself so boldly, in hoary and senile conceptions) …
cruelty/ˈkɹuəɫti/残酷, 残虐性本文に19回
… inquisitive to a fault, investigators to the point of cruelty, with unhesitating fingers for the intangible …
oneself/ˌwənˈsɛɫf/自分自身を, 自分を本文に19回
… to understand how the abstrusest metaphysical assertions of a philosopher have been arrived at, it is always well (and wise) to first ask oneself: "What morality do they (or does he) aim at?"
attain/əˈteɪn/を達成する, 獲得する本文に19回
… a peculiar narrowness of interpretation, attained supremacy precisely thereby: the origin of an action was interpreted in the most definite sense possible …
delight/dɪˈɫaɪt/大喜び, 歓喜本文に19回
People were beside themselves with delight over this new faculty, and the jubilation reached its climax when Kant further discovered a moral faculty in man—for at that time Germans were still moral …
therein/ðɛˈɹɪn/その中に, そこに本文に18回
… works away industriously to that end, WITHOUT the rest of the scholarly impulses taking any material part therein.
herd/ˈhɝd/群れ本文に18回
… is the universal, green-meadow happiness of the herd, together with security …
charm/ˈtʃɑɹm/魅力本文に18回
It is certainly not the least charm of a theory that it is refutable; it is precisely thereby that it attracts the more subtle minds.
valuation/væɫjuˈeɪʃən/評価, 見積り本文に17回
The Jews—a people "born for slavery," as Tacitus and the whole ancient world say of them; "the chosen people among the nations," as they themselves say and believe—the Jews performed the miracle of the inversion of valuations, by means of which life on earth obtained a new and dangerous charm for a couple of millenniums.
distrust/dɪˈstɹəst/不信, 疑惑本文に17回
In this transition one punishes oneself by distrust of one's sentiments; one tortures one's enthusiasm with doubt …
vanity/ˈvænəti/虚栄心, うぬぼれ本文に17回
In the background of all their personal vanity, women themselves have still their impersonal scorn—for "woman".
skepticism/ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm/懐疑, 懐疑論本文に17回
The skepticism with regard to suffering, fundamentally only an attitude of aristocratic morality, was not the least of the causes, also, of the last great slave-insurrection which began with the French Revolution.
reverence/ˈɹɛvɝəns/崇敬, 敬愛・会釈・・ローマカトリック教の牧師の敬称・尊敬本文に16回
Where the populace eat and drink, and even where they reverence, it is accustomed to stink.
fundamentally/ˌfəndəˈmɛnəɫi/基本的に本文に16回
… persuasively, and CONVINCINGLY upon an age with fundamentally plebeian tastes—in fact, it follows instinctively the canon of truth of eternal popular sensualism.
philosophical/ˌfɪɫəˈsɑfɪkəɫ/=philosophic本文に16回
… I now say to myself that the greater part of conscious thinking must be counted among the instinctive functions, and it is so even in the case of philosophical thinking; one has here to learn anew …
elevation/ˌɛɫəˈveɪʃən/高めること, 昇進させること本文に15回
… and serpentine in man, serves as well for the elevation of the human species as its opposite—we do not even say enough when we only say THIS MUCH, and in any case we find ourselves here …
意味：EJDict-hand, English to Japanese (public domain) 発音記号：ipa-dict（MIT）、Wiktionaryより。
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