「君主論」を読む前に覚えたい英単語40
The Prince
ニッコロ・マキャヴェッリが「君主論」で何度も使う、英語の頻出4,000語に入らない40語です。先に覚えておくと、最初の章がずっと読みやすくなります。各単語に発音記号、意味、本文の例文をつけました。
prince/ˈpɹɪns/王, 君主本文に185回
Those who strive to obtain the good graces of a prince are accustomed to come before him with such things as they hold most precious, or in which they see him take most delight …
duke/ˈduk/公爵本文に63回
Machiavelli never hesitates to cite the actions of the duke for the benefit of usurpers who wish to keep the states they have seized; he can …
principality/ˌpɹɪnsɪˈpæɫɪti/公国, 侯国本文に44回
All states, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have been and are either republics or principalities.
whilst/ˈwaɪɫst/=while本文に38回
… their chief aim was to appear well dressed and to speak with wit and acuteness, whilst he who could wound others the most cleverly was thought the wisest.”
ruin/ˈɹuən/…を破滅させる, 崩壊させる, 荒壊させる本文に38回
Julius did not rest until he had ruined Cesare.
afterwards/ˈæftɝwɝdz/あとで, 以後, その後本文に37回
… after acquiring rebellious provinces a second time, they are not so lightly lost afterwards, because the prince …
kingdom/ˈkɪŋdəm/王国本文に33回
… members annexed to the hereditary state of the prince who has acquired them, as was the kingdom of Naples to that of the King of Spain.
infantry/ˈɪnfəntɹi/歩兵本文に32回
… which may be as keys to that state, for it is necessary either to do this or else to keep there a great number of cavalry and infantry.
favour/ˈfeɪvɝ/親切な行為本文に30回
Machiavelli, when commenting on this election, says that he who thinks new favours will cause great personages to forget old injuries deceives himself.
conquer/ˈkɑŋkɝ/を征服する, 制圧する本文に29回
Therefore, he who considers both of these states will recognize great difficulties in seizing the state of the Turk, but, once it is conquered, great ease in holding it.
stat/ˈstæt/国家本文に28回
It is impossible to follow here the varying fortunes of the Italian states, which in 1507 were controlled by France …
valour勇気, 武勇, 勇敢さ本文に27回
Thus one year after he had committed this parricide, he was strangled, together with Vitellozzo, whom he had made his leader in valour and wickedness.
cavalry/ˈkævəɫɹi/騎兵隊本文に25回
From the above I have excepted the Turk, who always keeps round him twelve thousand infantry and fifteen thousand cavalry on which depend the security and strength of the kingdom, and it is necessary that …
lord/ˈɫɔɹd/主人, 支配者本文に22回
… the one, that the family of their former lord is extinguished; the other …
accustom/əˈkəstəm/を慣らす, 習慣づける本文に21回
Such dominions thus acquired are either accustomed to live under a prince, or to live in freedom …
emperor/ˈɛmpɝɝ/皇帝本文に21回
… in order that they might hold the cities both for his security and his glory; as also were those emperors who, by the corruption of the soldiers …
cruelty/ˈkɹuəɫti/残酷, 残虐性本文に20回
… he desired to show that, if any cruelty had been practised, it had not originated with him …
compel/kəmˈpɛɫ/にしいる本文に20回
… if not unmeaning: we are compelled to say that “Rome maintained friendly relations with the Ætolians,” etc., using four words to do the work of one.
fortress/ˈfɔɹtɹəs/要塞本文に19回
… “my lady of Forli” of The Prince, from whose conduct and fate he drew the moral that it is far better to earn the confidence of the people than to rely on fortresses.
hatred/ˈheɪtɹəd/憎しみ, 憎悪, 大嫌い本文に19回
… all the subject states are drawn to him, moved by the hatred which they feel against the ruling power.
hostile/ˈhɑstəɫ/敵意のある, 敵対する本文に19回
Thus it happens that whenever those who are hostile have the opportunity to attack they do it like partisans, whilst the others defend lukewarmly …
mercenary/ˈmɝsəˌnɛɹi/外国人雇い兵本文に18回
I say, therefore, that the arms with which a prince defends his state are either his own, or they are mercenaries, auxiliaries, or mixed.
greatness/ˈɡɹeɪtnəs/偉大さ, 高貴本文に17回
His youth was concurrent with the greatness of Florence as an Italian power under the guidance of Lorenzo de’ Medici, Il Magnifico.
thee/ˈði/なんじを本文に16回
… I should have laboured less, and I should have left thee, if a smaller state …
honour/ˈɑnɝ/名誉, 栄光, 名声本文に15回
… take pains to study letters and music, for you see what honour is done to me for the little skill I have.
liberality/ˌɫɪˌbɝˈæɫəˌti/気前のよさ本文に15回
… humanity, and liberality Scipio conformed to those things which have been written of Cyrus by Xenophon.
thou/ˈðaʊ/なんじ, そなた本文に15回
And in order that thou shouldst not only possess the estate which thy father left, but also that which my fortune and abilities have gained …
deceive/dɪˈsiv/を欺く, だます, 裏切る本文に15回
… because those who had opened the gates to him, finding themselves deceived in their hopes of future benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince.
faction/ˈfækʃən/派閥, 徒党本文に15回
… according to their rank, honouring them with office and command in such a way that in a few months all attachment to the factions was destroyed and turned entirely to the duke.
ambition/æmˈbɪʃən/大望, 野心, 野望本文に15回
Machiavelli’s public life was largely occupied with events arising out of the ambitions of Pope Alexander VI and his son, Cesare Borgia …
empire/ˈɛmpaɪɝ/帝国本文に15回
Then—to pass to a higher plane—Machiavelli reiterates that, although crimes may win an empire, they do not win glory.
glory/ˈɡɫɔɹi/栄光, 名誉本文に15回
… where princes were made by Darius, in order that they might hold the cities both for his security and his glory; as also were those emperors who …
reproach/ɹiˈpɹoʊtʃ/しかること, とがめること, 非難本文に14回
And again, he need not make himself uneasy at incurring a reproach for those vices without which the state can only be saved with difficulty, for if everything is considered carefully …
offend/əˈfɛnd/の感情を傷つける, を恐らせる本文に14回
… being tasted less, they offend less; benefits ought to be given little by little …
faithful/ˈfeɪθfəɫ/忠実な, 誠実な本文に14回
… because having always kept faith I could not now learn how to break it; for he who has been faithful and honest, as I have …
dominion/dəˈmɪnjən/領土, 領地, 統治領本文に13回
… nor those of Pope Julius in ’10, unless he had been long established in his dominions.
conspiracy/kənˈspɪɹəsi/陰謀, たくらみ本文に13回
Shortly after this he was accused of complicity in an abortive conspiracy against the Medici, imprisoned, and put to the question by torture.
castle/ˈkæsəɫ/城, とりで本文に12回
The castle of Milan, built by Francesco Sforza, has made, and will make, more trouble for the house of Sforza than any other disorder in the state.
foreigner/ˈfɑɹənɝ/外国人本文に12回
And the usual course of affairs is that, as soon as a powerful foreigner enters a country, all the subject states are drawn to him …
goodwill/ˈɡʊdˈwɪɫ/善意, 親切本文に11回
For, although one may be very strong in armed forces, yet in entering a province one has always need of the goodwill of the natives.
意味：EJDict-hand, English to Japanese (public domain) 発音記号：ipa-dict（MIT）、Wiktionaryより。
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