读《善恶的彼岸》前要掌握的40个英文单词
Beyond Good and Evil
弗里德里希·威廉·尼采在《善恶的彼岸》中反复使用、又不在英语最常用4000词之内的40个单词。先学会它们，前几章会读得轻松很多。每个单词都附有音标、释义和原书例句。
philosopher/fəˈɫɑsəfɝ/哲学家, 哲人, 思想开创人书中出现113次
… which is to tempt us to many a hazardous enterprise, the famous Truthfulness of which all philosophers have hitherto spoken with respect, what questions has this Will to Truth not laid before us!
morality/mɝˈæɫəti/道德, 教训, 品行书中出现88次
… it is always well (and wise) to first ask oneself: "What morality do they (or does he) aim at?"
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/本能, 直觉书中出现71次
… just as little is "being-conscious" OPPOSED to the instinctive in any decisive sense; the greater part of the conscious thinking of a philosopher is secretly influenced by his instincts, and forced into definite channels.
hitherto/ˈhɪˌðɝˈtu/迄今, 至今书中出现61次
… such as will have other tastes and inclinations, the reverse of those hitherto prevalent—philosophers of the dangerous "Perhaps" in every sense of the term.
conscience/ˈkɑnʃəns/良心书中出现56次
… of their prejudices, which they dub "truths,"—and VERY far from having the conscience which bravely admits this to itself, very far from having the good taste of the courage which goes so far as to let this be understood …
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/高贵的, 高尚的, 贵族的书中出现52次
Oh, you noble Stoics, what fraud of words!
sympathy/ˈsɪmpəθi/同情, 赞同, 怜悯书中出现46次
The latter, when they write books, are in the habit at present of taking the side of criminals; a sort of socialistic sympathy is their favourite disguise.
nowadays/ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz/现在, 现时, 当今书中出现43次
… actual, and certain"—will encounter a smile and two notes of interrogation in a philosopher nowadays.
refine/ɹəˈfaɪn/被精炼, 被净化书中出现32次
… even from the logician's point of view, to get along without the little "one" (to which the worthy old "ego" has refined itself).
honour/ˈɑnɝ/尊敬, 授予荣誉, 承兑书中出现31次
The belief in "immediate certainties" is a MORAL NAIVETE which does honour to us philosophers; but—we have now to cease being "MERELY moral" men!
sentiment/ˈsɛnəmənt/感情, 感伤, 情操书中出现29次
… is cruelly befooled and abused, until a man learns to introduce a little art into his sentiments, and prefers to try conclusions with the artificial …
namely/ˈneɪmɫi/即, 就是, 换句话说书中出现28次
It has gradually become clear to me what every great philosophy up till now has consisted of—namely, the confession of its originator …
consequently/ˈkɑnsəˌkwɛntɫi/所以书中出现27次
… and on the face of it, the word signifies "Flatterers of Dionysius"—consequently, tyrants' accessories and lick-spittles …
mankind/ˈmænˈkaɪnd/人类, 男性书中出现24次
Let us call this period the PRE-MORAL period of mankind; the imperative, "Know thyself!"
conceal/kənˈsiɫ/隐藏, 掩盖, 隐瞒书中出现24次
He, the old school-teacher of Samos, who sat concealed in his little garden at Athens, and wrote three hundred books, perhaps out of rage and ambitious envy of Plato, who knows!
genius/ˈdʒinjəs/天才, 天赋, 精神书中出现24次
… where by a freak of nature, genius is bound to some such indiscreet billy-goat and ape, as in the case of the Abbe Galiani …
betray/bɪˈtɹeɪ/出卖, 背叛, 辜负书中出现23次
… and non-freedom; it is suspicious to have such feelings—the person betrays himself.
folly/ˈfɑɫi/愚蠢, 荒唐事, 讽刺剧书中出现22次
… it is a sort of logical violation and unnaturalness; but the extravagant pride of man has managed to entangle itself profoundly and frightfully with this very folly.
deceive/dɪˈsiv/欺骗, 行骗书中出现22次
Granting that he deceived himself in this matter; the development and rapid flourishing of German philosophy depended nevertheless on his pride …
conception/kənˈsɛpʃən/观念, 概念书中出现22次
… notwithstanding that it disguised itself so boldly, in hoary and senile conceptions), than to take it seriously …
sacrifice/ˈsækɹəˌfaɪs/牺牲, 供奉, 祭品书中出现22次
Never yet did a PROFOUNDER world of insight reveal itself to daring travelers and adventurers, and the psychologist who thus "makes a sacrifice"—it is not the sacrifizio dell' intelletto, on the contrary!—will at least be entitled to demand in return that psychology shall once more be recognized as the queen of the sciences …
divine/dɪˈvaɪn/猜测书中出现22次
They divined in him—and as it were behind the questionableness of his frail and wretched appearance—the superior force which wished to test itself by such a subjugation; the strength of will …
contrary/ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/相反地书中出现21次
In the philosopher, on the contrary, there is absolutely nothing impersonal …
stupidity/stuˈpɪdɪˌti/愚蠢, 糊涂事书中出现20次
If any one should find out in this manner the crass stupidity of the celebrated conception of "free will" and put it out of his head altogether, I beg of him to carry his "enlightenment" a step further …
disguise/dɪsˈɡaɪz/假装, 隐瞒书中出现20次
One can do no greater wrong to the whole of this exuberant and eccentric movement (which was really youthfulness, notwithstanding that it disguised itself so boldly, in hoary and senile conceptions) …
cruelty/ˈkɹuəɫti/残酷, 野蛮, 残酷行为书中出现19次
… inquisitive to a fault, investigators to the point of cruelty, with unhesitating fingers for the intangible …
oneself/ˌwənˈsɛɫf/自己, 亲自书中出现19次
… to understand how the abstrusest metaphysical assertions of a philosopher have been arrived at, it is always well (and wise) to first ask oneself: "What morality do they (or does he) aim at?"
attain/əˈteɪn/达到, 获得书中出现19次
… a peculiar narrowness of interpretation, attained supremacy precisely thereby: the origin of an action was interpreted in the most definite sense possible …
delight/dɪˈɫaɪt/高兴, 愉快书中出现19次
People were beside themselves with delight over this new faculty, and the jubilation reached its climax when Kant further discovered a moral faculty in man—for at that time Germans were still moral …
therein/ðɛˈɹɪn/在其中, 在那里, 在那一点上书中出现18次
… works away industriously to that end, WITHOUT the rest of the scholarly impulses taking any material part therein.
herd/ˈhɝd/兽群, 人群, 牧人书中出现18次
… is the universal, green-meadow happiness of the herd, together with security …
charm/ˈtʃɑɹm/吸引力, 魔力, 符咒书中出现18次
It is certainly not the least charm of a theory that it is refutable; it is precisely thereby that it attracts the more subtle minds.
valuation/væɫjuˈeɪʃən/评价, 估价, 价值判断书中出现17次
The Jews—a people "born for slavery," as Tacitus and the whole ancient world say of them; "the chosen people among the nations," as they themselves say and believe—the Jews performed the miracle of the inversion of valuations, by means of which life on earth obtained a new and dangerous charm for a couple of millenniums.
distrust/dɪˈstɹəst/不信任书中出现17次
In this transition one punishes oneself by distrust of one's sentiments; one tortures one's enthusiasm with doubt …
vanity/ˈvænəti/虚荣心, 虚无, 自负书中出现17次
In the background of all their personal vanity, women themselves have still their impersonal scorn—for "woman".
skepticism/ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm/怀疑论书中出现17次
The skepticism with regard to suffering, fundamentally only an attitude of aristocratic morality, was not the least of the causes, also, of the last great slave-insurrection which began with the French Revolution.
reverence/ˈɹɛvɝəns/崇敬, 敬畏, 尊敬书中出现16次
Where the populace eat and drink, and even where they reverence, it is accustomed to stink.
fundamentally/ˌfəndəˈmɛnəɫi/根本上书中出现16次
… persuasively, and CONVINCINGLY upon an age with fundamentally plebeian tastes—in fact, it follows instinctively the canon of truth of eternal popular sensualism.
philosophical/ˌfɪɫəˈsɑfɪkəɫ/哲学的, 冷静的, 达观的书中出现16次
… I now say to myself that the greater part of conscious thinking must be counted among the instinctive functions, and it is so even in the case of philosophical thinking; one has here to learn anew …
elevation/ˌɛɫəˈveɪʃən/海拔, 提高, 仰角书中出现15次
… and serpentine in man, serves as well for the elevation of the human species as its opposite—we do not even say enough when we only say THIS MUCH, and in any case we find ourselves here …
释义：ECDICT, English to Chinese (MIT) 音标：ipa-dict（MIT），来自维基词典。
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