读《民主：真与假》前要掌握的40个英文单词
Democracy—false or true?
威廉·布莱克·里士满在《民主：真与假》中反复使用、又不在英语最常用4000词之内的40个单词。先学会它们，前几章会读得轻松很多。每个单词都附有音标、释义和原书例句。
labour/ˈɫeɪbɝ/劳动, 努力, 工作书中出现92次
Obviously, the gods thought well of labour and the labourer both loved and feared the gods.
wag/ˈwæɡ/工资书中出现38次
If wages reach an extravagant sum, capital will not find the money to pay them.
leisure/ˈɫɛʒɝ/空闲, 闲暇, 悠闲书中出现33次
Before Labour is fit to govern it must learn how to use leisure.
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/高贵的, 高尚的, 贵族的书中出现30次
a very noble art going hand in hand with “modern” economies and created in a primitive age, as we call it.
idle/ˈaɪdəɫ/懒惰的, 闲散的, 停顿的书中出现29次
In the period of exercise to gain some experience capital would be wasted; it might be gambled away or spent in hours of idle self-indulgence.
ignorant/ˈɪɡnɝənt/无知识的, 不知道的, 由无知产生的书中出现26次
One thing, however, is pretty certain; he will be as good or evil, ignorant or learned, as he chooses.
neighbour/ˈneɪbɝ/邻居, 邻接的东西, 邻国书中出现23次
… and, having done that as the first duty to his neighbour and to himself as an honourable man, he must have proved by the good use of his hours of leisure that he is in earnest …
workman/ˈwɝkmən/工人, 工匠, 男工书中出现23次
… our workmen still saw straight according to their ancient traditions as yet unbroken, as yet deaf to “catch words” from noisy rhetoric out of the mouths of ignorant and mischievous leaders inflated by vanity and rendered blind by egotism and desire for power over a more ignorant but clear-thinking workman.
poison/ˈpɔɪzən/毒药, 毒, 毒物书中出现23次
Iron, steel, explosives, every poison upon the Pharmacy List, every evil pulsation of the heart were German weapons.
agriculture/ˈæɡɹɪˌkəɫtʃɝ/农业书中出现23次
Demeter was the goddess of corn, the protectress of agriculture.
craftsmanship/ˈkɹæfsmənˌʃɪp/技术, 技艺书中出现22次
What was the meaning of all this superb beauty of labour and craftsmanship?
industrious/ˌɪnˈdəstɹiəs/勤勉的, 刻苦的书中出现21次
If a man is industrious he has trained himself to be so by acting upon a theory which he has found to be advantageous.
primitive/ˈpɹɪmətɪv/原始的, 上古的书中出现20次
We still think of Apollo as the primitive author and forerunner of all that Greece became.
prevail/pɹiˈveɪɫ/获胜, 流行, 盛行书中出现20次
It prevailed!
cease/ˈsis/停止书中出现20次
When reason and peaceful persuasion cease to avail, powder and shot have to be used, and sometimes unmercifully!
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/本能, 直觉书中出现20次
There is a great deal to be said for emotion, it is our strongest instinct.
artificial/ˌɑɹtəˈfɪʃəɫ/人造的, 假的, 非原地产的书中出现20次
It is evident whatever artificial light they used was smokeless, because the ceiling and walls are not discoloured.
honour/ˈɑnɝ/荣誉, 头衔, 信用书中出现19次
Thus have they done it honour.
discontent/dɪskənˈtɛnt/不满书中出现19次
And yet somehow, although perhaps they cannot define it, they feel a want, a yearning for something better, and it is that which makes their souls discontented, hard, and unsympathetic.
industrialism工业主义, 产业主义书中出现17次
… the voices of the winds, even the wild utterances of beasts of the forest than the shrieks of machinery of which industrialism is so proud.
craftsman/ˈkɹæfsmən/工匠, 技工, 手艺人书中出现17次
… from a straw bed, from a girl of the people and a craftsman.
tyranny/ˈtɪɹəni/专制, 暴政书中出现17次
Licence is, in fact, the grossest form of tyranny.
worship/ˈwɝʃəp/崇拜, 礼拜, 尊敬书中出现17次
… for fear of vengeance from the God of Light, whom they worshipped.
recognise/ˈɹɛkəɡˌnaɪz/认识, 辩认, 认出书中出现15次
… and they are quite capable to do that, will recognise that to preach “equality” is one thing; it sounds attractive …
folly/ˈfɑɫi/愚蠢, 荒唐事, 讽刺剧书中出现15次
What folly it is when it is regarded coolly, rationally and with common sense!
cultivate/ˈkəɫtəˌveɪt/培养, 耕作书中出现15次
First comes the open country, freely cultivated, then the city …
agitator/ˈædʒəˌteɪtɝ/煽动者书中出现14次
The most prominent agitators fell as victims to their cruelties and misdeeds.
squalor/ˈskwɑɫɝ/肮脏, 贫穷, 不干净书中出现14次
I have lived long enough to have seen the agriculture of our dear country productive and the people, relatively to now, content; when squalor was a far rarer spectacle than now.
starve/ˈstɑɹv/饿死, 挨饿书中出现14次
Doubtless starving.
desirable/dɪˈzaɪɝəbəɫ/令人想望的, 可取的书中出现14次
It is likely that the desirable, according to my philosophy, would be the undesirable to many, perhaps, just now, most people!
genius/ˈdʒinjəs/天才, 天赋, 精神书中出现14次
… these monuments to the skill, industry and genius of Egyptian craftsmen 4,000 years ago stand as an example to us moderns, who at present show no signs of handing their genius down even to a dozen generations.
centre/ˈsɛntɝ/中心, 中心点, 中锋书中出现13次
All the pagan gods emanate from the Divine centre, be it Olympus, Rome, or Jerusalem.
selfish/ˈsɛɫfɪʃ/自私的, 利己主义的, 自我中心的书中出现13次
… to please their followers whom they have coerced, would advocate a purely class and selfish policy which might lead to civil war, of all wars the one which is certainly soul-killing.
erect/ɪˈɹɛkt/使竖立, 使直立, 树立书中出现13次
They thought thus to obliterate His teaching, to wipe out the Ideal He taught, the Utopia He would erect—a kingdom of the soul that He would revive in the materialistic Roman decay.
neglect/nəˈɡɫɛkt/疏忽, 忽略, 漏做书中出现13次
We, the English, were growing idle, neglecting agriculture, buying from foreign markets instead of creating our own.
goods/ˈɡʊdz/货物书中出现12次
The agricultural labourer is helping to feed his country, the craftsman is making desirable and durable goods for his own as well as foreign markets, and they must be the best he can turn out to his honour!
simplicity/sɪmˈpɫɪsəti/单纯, 简朴, 朴素书中出现12次
In their efforts to codify it and convert its simplicity into dogmatic and puzzling creeds, upon acceptance of which or not depends the salvation or damnation of the human race …
attain/əˈteɪn/达到, 获得书中出现12次
If it were possible to attain equality it would ruin the world; it would paralyse effort; it would reduce mankind to a system of self-indulgence, lassitude, and, finally, to imbecility.
peasant/ˈpɛzənt/农夫, 乡下人书中出现12次
Apollo the Healer was to give way before the child of a Nazarene peasant and a humble carpenter.
labourer劳动者, 干体力工作的工人, 劳工书中出现11次
Think of it, farmers, agricultural labourers, and all who live on and by the land!
释义：ECDICT, English to Chinese (MIT) 音标：ipa-dict（MIT），来自维基词典。
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