La Ilíada: 40 palabras para aprender antes de leerlo
The Iliad
Las 40 palabras que Homero repite una y otra vez en «La Ilíada» y que no están entre las 4.000 más comunes del inglés. Apréndelas antes y los primeros capítulos se leerán mucho mejor. Cada una lleva su pronunciación, su traducción y una frase del libro.
spear/ˈspɪɹ/lanza, azagaya, venablo462 veces en el libro
Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.”
armour/ˈɑɹmɝ/armadura220 veces en el libro
As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.
chariot/ˈtʃɛɹiət/biga, carro [de guerra], cuadriga209 veces en el libro
… give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day …
shield/ˈʃiɫd/escudo, chimal183 veces en el libro
Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses …
till/ˈtɪɫ/hasta que174 veces en el libro
A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it.
brave/ˈbɹeɪv/bravo, valiente151 veces en el libro
Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures …
bronze/ˈbɹɑnz/bronce127 veces en el libro
He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him.”
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/noble125 veces en el libro
And Achilles answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize?
mighty/ˈmaɪti/poderoso109 veces en el libro
… son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the anger of the god.”
arrow/ˈæɹoʊ/flecha, saeta102 veces en el libro
… grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans.”
helmet/ˈhɛɫmət/casco, yelmo, bacinete86 veces en el libro
Priam’s son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans, and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those who were longing for the fray.
fleet/ˈfɫit/flota, parque, flotilla85 veces en el libro
He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him.
goddess/ˈɡɑdəs/diosa, dea82 veces en el libro
Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans.
immortal/ˌɪˈmɔɹtəɫ/inmortal75 veces en el libro
Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals.
sword/ˈsɔɹd/espada, tizona73 veces en el libro
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside …
honour/ˈɑnɝ/honrar, rendir homenaje a72 veces en el libro
I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel.
comrade/ˈkɑmˌɹæd/camarada, compañero, compañera70 veces en el libro
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him.
sorrow/ˈsɑɹoʊ/pesar, pena, acíbar64 veces en el libro
“Of a truth,” he said, “a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land.
lord/ˈɫɔɹd/señor63 veces en el libro
Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons.
whereonen donde63 veces en el libro
He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons.
lion/ˈɫaɪən/león58 veces en el libro
Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then …
glory/ˈɡɫɔɹi/gloria56 veces en el libro
Ofttimes in my father’s house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others …
goodly/ˈɡʊdɫi/hermoso53 veces en el libro
Tell me, then, who is yonder huge hero so great and goodly?
mortal/ˈmɔɹtəɫ/mortal52 veces en el libro
… but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger …
fury/ˈfjʊɹi/furia, rabia, furor51 veces en el libro
As when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west wind has lashed it into fury—it has reared its head afar and now comes crashing down on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over the jagged rocks and spews its salt foam in all directions—even so did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans march steadfastly to battle.
foremost/ˈfɔɹˌmoʊst/principal50 veces en el libro
… not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans.”
weep/ˈwip/llorar, lacrimar, lagrimar49 veces en el libro
Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters.
fierce/ˈfɪɹs/enconado, fiero49 veces en el libro
These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them.
dart/ˈdɑɹt/dardo, azagaya, jáculo48 veces en el libro
Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans.
valiant/ˈvæɫjənt/valiente, valorudo47 veces en el libro
Then Agamemnon said, “Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me.
sack/ˈsæk/correr, despedir46 veces en el libro
… “and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety …
vouchsafeconceder40 veces en el libro
… may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans to fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the victory?
hither/ˈhɪðɝ/acá, aquí39 veces en el libro
… son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her—which will press him harder.”
ransom/ˈɹænsəm/rescate39 veces en el libro
Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath …
aegis/ˈidʒəs/égida38 veces en el libro
“Why are you here,” said he, “daughter of aegis-bearing Jove?
pierce/ˈpɪɹs/agujerear, perforar, horadar38 veces en el libro
Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.”
perish/ˈpɛɹɪʃ/perecer, fenecer37 veces en el libro
Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king …
rein/ˈɹeɪn/rienda37 veces en el libro
He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain.
spoil/ˈspɔɪɫ/botín, despojo, expolio37 veces en el libro
We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil.
sheep/ˈʃip/oveja, carnero37 veces en el libro
And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies upon the grass lands.
Traducciones: WikDict, English to Spanish (Wiktionary, CC-BY-SA) Pronunciación: ipa-dict (MIT), a partir de Wiktionary.
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