「民主主義は虚偽か真実か」を読む前に覚えたい英単語40
Democracy—false or true?
ウィリアム・ブレイク・リッチモンドが「民主主義は虚偽か真実か」で何度も使う、英語の頻出4,000語に入らない40語です。先に覚えておくと、最初の章がずっと読みやすくなります。各単語に発音記号、意味、本文の例文をつけました。
labour/ˈɫeɪbɝ/労働本文に92回
Obviously, the gods thought well of labour and the labourer both loved and feared the gods.
wag/ˈwæɡ/賃金本文に38回
If wages reach an extravagant sum, capital will not find the money to pay them.
leisure/ˈɫɛʒɝ/暇, 余暇本文に33回
Before Labour is fit to govern it must learn how to use leisure.
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/壮大な, 堂々とした本文に30回
a very noble art going hand in hand with “modern” economies and created in a primitive age, as we call it.
idle/ˈaɪdəɫ/怠惰な, 怠けている本文に29回
In the period of exercise to gain some experience capital would be wasted; it might be gambled away or spent in hours of idle self-indulgence.
ignorant/ˈɪɡnɝənt/知識がない, 無知な, 教育を受けていない本文に26回
One thing, however, is pretty certain; he will be as good or evil, ignorant or learned, as he chooses.
neighbour/ˈneɪbɝ/隣人, 隣国, 隣国人本文に23回
… and, having done that as the first duty to his neighbour and to himself as an honourable man, he must have proved by the good use of his hours of leisure that he is in earnest …
workman/ˈwɝkmən/=workingman本文に23回
… our workmen still saw straight according to their ancient traditions as yet unbroken, as yet deaf to “catch words” from noisy rhetoric out of the mouths of ignorant and mischievous leaders inflated by vanity and rendered blind by egotism and desire for power over a more ignorant but clear-thinking workman.
poison/ˈpɔɪzən/毒, 毒薬本文に23回
Iron, steel, explosives, every poison upon the Pharmacy List, every evil pulsation of the heart were German weapons.
agriculture/ˈæɡɹɪˌkəɫtʃɝ/農業, 農学本文に23回
Demeter was the goddess of corn, the protectress of agriculture.
craftsmanship/ˈkɹæfsmənˌʃɪp/技能, 腕まえ本文に22回
What was the meaning of all this superb beauty of labour and craftsmanship?
industrious/ˌɪnˈdəstɹiəs/勤勉な, 骨身を惜しまない本文に21回
If a man is industrious he has trained himself to be so by acting upon a theory which he has found to be advantageous.
primitive/ˈpɹɪmətɪv/原始の, 太古の本文に20回
We still think of Apollo as the primitive author and forerunner of all that Greece became.
prevail/pɹiˈveɪɫ/勝る, 勝つ本文に20回
It prevailed!
cease/ˈsis/やむ, 終わる本文に20回
When reason and peaceful persuasion cease to avail, powder and shot have to be used, and sometimes unmercifully!
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/本能本文に20回
There is a great deal to be said for emotion, it is our strongest instinct.
artificial/ˌɑɹtəˈfɪʃəɫ/人造の, 人工の, 人為的な本文に20回
It is evident whatever artificial light they used was smokeless, because the ceiling and walls are not discoloured.
honour/ˈɑnɝ/尊敬, 信用本文に19回
Thus have they done it honour.
discontent/dɪskənˈtɛnt/=discontented本文に19回
And yet somehow, although perhaps they cannot define it, they feel a want, a yearning for something better, and it is that which makes their souls discontented, hard, and unsympathetic.
industrialism産業主義本文に17回
… the voices of the winds, even the wild utterances of beasts of the forest than the shrieks of machinery of which industrialism is so proud.
craftsman/ˈkɹæfsmən/職人本文に17回
… from a straw bed, from a girl of the people and a craftsman.
tyranny/ˈtɪɹəni/圧制本文に17回
Licence is, in fact, the grossest form of tyranny.
worship/ˈwɝʃəp/…を崇拝する本文に17回
… for fear of vengeance from the God of Light, whom they worshipped.
recognise/ˈɹɛkəɡˌnaɪz/…を認るめ, 認識する, 理解する本文に15回
… and they are quite capable to do that, will recognise that to preach “equality” is one thing; it sounds attractive …
folly/ˈfɑɫi/愚かさ, 愚劣本文に15回
What folly it is when it is regarded coolly, rationally and with common sense!
cultivate/ˈkəɫtəˌveɪt/を耕す本文に15回
First comes the open country, freely cultivated, then the city …
agitator/ˈædʒəˌteɪtɝ/扇動家本文に14回
The most prominent agitators fell as victims to their cruelties and misdeeds.
squalor/ˈskwɑɫɝ/不潔本文に14回
I have lived long enough to have seen the agriculture of our dear country productive and the people, relatively to now, content; when squalor was a far rarer spectacle than now.
starve/ˈstɑɹv/餓死する本文に14回
Doubtless starving.
desirable/dɪˈzaɪɝəbəɫ/望ましい, 好ましい本文に14回
It is likely that the desirable, according to my philosophy, would be the undesirable to many, perhaps, just now, most people!
genius/ˈdʒinjəs/天才本文に14回
… these monuments to the skill, industry and genius of Egyptian craftsmen 4,000 years ago stand as an example to us moderns, who at present show no signs of handing their genius down even to a dozen generations.
centre/ˈsɛntɝ/中心, 中央, 中核本文に13回
All the pagan gods emanate from the Divine centre, be it Olympus, Rome, or Jerusalem.
selfish/ˈsɛɫfɪʃ/利己的な, 自分本位の本文に13回
… to please their followers whom they have coerced, would advocate a purely class and selfish policy which might lead to civil war, of all wars the one which is certainly soul-killing.
erect/ɪˈɹɛkt/…を建てる, 建設する本文に13回
They thought thus to obliterate His teaching, to wipe out the Ideal He taught, the Utopia He would erect—a kingdom of the soul that He would revive in the materialistic Roman decay.
neglect/nəˈɡɫɛkt/…を怠る, 忘れる本文に13回
We, the English, were growing idle, neglecting agriculture, buying from foreign markets instead of creating our own.
goods/ˈɡʊdz/商品, 品物本文に12回
The agricultural labourer is helping to feed his country, the craftsman is making desirable and durable goods for his own as well as foreign markets, and they must be the best he can turn out to his honour!
simplicity/sɪmˈpɫɪsəti/簡単, 平易本文に12回
In their efforts to codify it and convert its simplicity into dogmatic and puzzling creeds, upon acceptance of which or not depends the salvation or damnation of the human race …
attain/əˈteɪn/を達成する, 獲得する本文に12回
If it were possible to attain equality it would ruin the world; it would paralyse effort; it would reduce mankind to a system of self-indulgence, lassitude, and, finally, to imbecility.
peasant/ˈpɛzənt/農夫本文に12回
Apollo the Healer was to give way before the child of a Nazarene peasant and a humble carpenter.
labourer労働者, 勤労者本文に11回
Think of it, farmers, agricultural labourers, and all who live on and by the land!
意味：EJDict-hand, English to Japanese (public domain) 発音記号：ipa-dict（MIT）、Wiktionaryより。
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