「イリアス」を読む前に覚えたい英単語40
The Iliad
ホメロスが「イリアス」で何度も使う、英語の頻出4,000語に入らない40語です。先に覚えておくと、最初の章がずっと読みやすくなります。各単語に発音記号、意味、本文の例文をつけました。
spear/ˈspɪɹ/やり本文に462回
Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.”
armour/ˈɑɹmɝ/よろい, よろいかぶと本文に220回
As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.
chariot/ˈtʃɛɹiət/一人乗り軽二輪戦車本文に209回
… give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day …
shield/ˈʃiɫd/盾本文に183回
Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses …
till/ˈtɪɫ/…まで[ずっと]本文に174回
A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it.
brave/ˈbɹeɪv/勇敢な, 勇ましい本文に151回
Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures …
bronze/ˈbɹɑnz/青銅の, 青銅製の本文に127回
He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him.”
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/高潔な, 気高い本文に125回
And Achilles answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize?
mighty/ˈmaɪti/強力な, 勢力のある本文に109回
… son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the anger of the god.”
arrow/ˈæɹoʊ/矢本文に102回
… grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans.”
helmet/ˈhɛɫmət/かぶと本文に86回
Priam’s son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans, and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those who were longing for the fray.
fleet/ˈfɫit/艦隊本文に85回
He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him.
goddess/ˈɡɑdəs/女神本文に82回
Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans.
immortal/ˌɪˈmɔɹtəɫ/ギリシア・ローマの神々本文に75回
Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals.
sword/ˈsɔɹd/刀, 剣本文に73回
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside …
honour/ˈɑnɝ/尊敬, 信用本文に72回
I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel.
comrade/ˈkɑmˌɹæd/仲間, 僚友, 同志本文に70回
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him.
sorrow/ˈsɑɹoʊ/悲しみ, 悲哀, 悲嘆本文に64回
“Of a truth,” he said, “a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land.
lord/ˈɫɔɹd/主人, 支配者本文に63回
Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons.
whereon=whereupon本文に63回
He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons.
lion/ˈɫaɪən/ライオン, しし本文に58回
Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then …
glory/ˈɡɫɔɹi/賛美本文に56回
Ofttimes in my father’s house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others …
goodly/ˈɡʊdɫi/かなり大きい本文に53回
Tell me, then, who is yonder huge hero so great and goodly?
mortal/ˈmɔɹtəɫ/人間の, 現世の本文に52回
… but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger …
fury/ˈfjʊɹi/激しく荒れ狂うこと, 猛威本文に51回
As when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west wind has lashed it into fury—it has reared its head afar and now comes crashing down on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over the jagged rocks and spews its salt foam in all directions—even so did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans march steadfastly to battle.
foremost/ˈfɔɹˌmoʊst/第一流の, 主要な本文に50回
… not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans.”
weep/ˈwip/涙を流す, 泣く本文に49回
Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters.
fierce/ˈfɪɹs/激しい, 猛烈な本文に49回
These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them.
dart/ˈdɑɹt/投げやり, 投げ矢本文に48回
Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans.
valiant/ˈvæɫjənt/勇敢な, 雄々しい本文に47回
Then Agamemnon said, “Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me.
sack/ˈsæk/解雇本文に46回
… “and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety …
vouchsafeを賜る, 与える本文に40回
… may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans to fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the victory?
hither/ˈhɪðɝ/こちらへ本文に39回
… son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her—which will press him harder.”
ransom/ˈɹænsəm/身のしろ金本文に39回
Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath …
aegis/ˈidʒəs/保護, 援助本文に38回
“Why are you here,” said he, “daughter of aegis-bearing Jove?
pierce/ˈpɪɹs/…を突き刺す, に突き通る本文に38回
Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.”
perish/ˈpɛɹɪʃ/消滅する, 滅びる, 消える本文に37回
Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king …
rein/ˈɹeɪn/手綱本文に37回
He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain.
spoil/ˈspɔɪɫ/略奪品, 強奪品, 戦利品本文に37回
We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil.
sheep/ˈʃip/羊本文に37回
And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies upon the grass lands.
意味：EJDict-hand, English to Japanese (public domain) 発音記号：ipa-dict（MIT）、Wiktionaryより。
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