读《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》前要掌握的40个英文单词
The Brothers Karamazov
费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中反复使用、又不在英语最常用4000词之内的40个单词。先学会它们，前几章会读得轻松很多。每个单词都附有音标、释义和原书例句。
elder/ˈɛɫdɝ/年长的, 资深的书中出现226次
At her death almost exactly the same thing happened to the two little boys as to their elder brother, Mitya.
monk/ˈməŋk/修道士, 僧侣, 和尚书中出现175次
In the evening of the same day he got drunk and abused the monks to Alyosha.
till/ˈtɪɫ/直到...为止书中出现153次
… and so that all be spent on them exclusively, with the condition that it be so portioned out as to last till they are twenty-one, for it is more than adequate provision for such children.
peasant/ˈpɛzənt/农夫, 乡下人书中出现148次
… kept in terror from her childhood, fell into that kind of nervous disease which is most frequently found in peasant women who are said to be “possessed by devils.”
afterwards/ˈæftɝwɝdz/然后, 后来书中出现143次
He lived for many years afterwards abroad, but was at that time quite a young man …
monastery/ˈmɑnəˌstɛɹi/修道院, 僧侣书中出现132次
His splendid estate lay on the outskirts of our little town and bordered on the lands of our famous monastery, with which Pyotr Alexandrovitch began an endless lawsuit …
scoundrel/ˈskaʊndɹəɫ/恶棍书中出现89次
An attractive theory for scoundrels!
exclaim/ɪkˈskɫeɪm/大叫, 呼喊, 大声叫书中出现88次
exclaimed Dmitri furiously.
devil/ˈdɛvəɫ/魔鬼书中出现87次
It’s impossible, I think, for the devils to forget to drag me down to hell with their hooks when I die.
ashamed/əˈʃeɪmd/惭愧的, 羞耻的书中出现82次
… and he seemed to be expecting something, ashamed about something, while his brother Ivan …
spite/ˈspaɪt/恶意, 怨恨, 使人烦恼的事物书中出现80次
… that Fyodor Pavlovitch, in spite of his parasitic position, was one of the bold and ironical spirits of that progressive epoch …
contrary/ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/相反, 对立面书中出现78次
… but not from shyness or a sullen unsociability; quite the contrary, from something different …
haste/ˈheɪst/匆忙, 急忙书中出现76次
… but as the latter had no family of his own, and after securing the revenues of his estates was in haste to return at once to Paris, he left the boy in charge of one of his cousins …
mutter/ˈmətɝ/喃喃自语, 作低沉声书中出现74次
Miüsov had time to mutter again.
bless/ˈbɫɛs/祝福, 祈佑, 使神圣化书中出现74次
… as it were, all over when the elder came out to the gates of the hermitage into the waiting crowd of pilgrims of the humbler class who had flocked from all parts of Russia on purpose to see the elder and obtain his blessing.
insult/ˈɪnˌsəɫt/侮辱, 无礼, 损害书中出现73次
She was still alive, and had not, all those eight years, forgotten the insult done her.
fond/ˈfɑnd/喜欢的, 宠爱的, 温柔的书中出现73次
He had known Proudhon and Bakunin personally, and in his declining years was very fond of describing the three days of the Paris Revolution of February 1848, hinting that he himself had almost taken part in the fighting on the barricades.
delight/dɪˈɫaɪt/感到高兴书中出现71次
“That I certainly will, without fail,” cried Fyodor Pavlovitch, hugely delighted at the invitation.
sofa/ˈsoʊfə/沙发书中出现71次
Father Zossima sat down on a very old-fashioned mahogany sofa, covered with leather …
weep/ˈwip/哭泣, 流泪, 哀悼书中出现70次
He understood it, but that the elder Zossima was this saint and custodian of God’s truth —of that he had no more doubt than the weeping peasants and the sick women who held out their children to the elder.
murderer/ˈmɝdɝɝ/凶手, 杀人者, 谋害者书中出现66次
I, a thief and murderer, am the only true Christian Church.’
tremble/ˈtɹɛmbəɫ/战栗, 忧虑, 摇晃书中出现65次
He trembled for him, for his glory, and dreaded any affront to him, especially the refined, courteous irony of Miüsov and the supercilious half-utterances of the highly educated Ivan.
positively/ˈpɑzətɪvɫi/明确地, 肯定地, 无疑地书中出现64次
… the young man had an unmistakable influence over his father, who positively appeared to be behaving more decently and even seemed at times ready to obey his son, though often extremely and even spitefully perverse.
fancy/ˈfænsi/想象力, 幻想, 喜好书中出现64次
What gave the marriage piquancy was that it was preceded by an elopement, and this greatly captivated Adelaïda Ivanovna’s fancy.
utter/ˈətɝ/发出声音, 做声, 发表书中出现63次
… slipped to the floor, tried to hide himself without uttering one word of abuse, enduring their insults in silence.
clever/ˈkɫɛvɝ/聪明的, 精明的书中出现62次
This habit, however, is characteristic of a very great number of people, some of them very clever ones, not like Fyodor Pavlovitch.
conscience/ˈkɑnʃəns/良心书中出现62次
… that he had acquired the keenest intuition and could tell from an unknown face what a newcomer wanted, and what was the suffering on his conscience.
fool/ˈfuɫ/干傻事, 开玩笑, 游荡书中出现62次
But, if you begin to play the fool I don’t intend to be associated with you here.
instant/ˈɪnstənt/紧急的, 立即的, 即时的书中出现61次
The strange and instant healing of the frantic and struggling woman as soon as she was led up to the holy sacrament, which had been explained to me as due to malingering and the trickery of the “clericals,” arose probably in the most natural manner.
mamma/ˈmɑmə/妈妈, 乳房书中出现60次
“I told mamma you’d be sure not to go.
frighten/ˈfɹaɪtən/使惊吓书中出现59次
… to accept everything without the least condemnation though often grieving bitterly: and this was so much so that no one could surprise or frighten him even in his earliest youth.
ruin/ˈɹuən/使毁灭, 毁坏, 使破产书中出现59次
And would you believe it, it ruined our business!
nonsense/ˈnɑnsɛns/无意义的事, 荒谬言行, 荒唐书中出现57次
An outer show elaborated through centuries, and nothing but charlatanism and nonsense underneath,” flashed through Miüsov’s mind.
unhappy/ənˈhæpi/不快乐的, 不幸的, 不适当的书中出现56次
In the end this unhappy young woman, kept in terror from her childhood …
tavern/ˈtævɝn/酒馆, 客栈书中出现55次
In a short time he opened a great number of new taverns in the district.
aloud/əˈɫaʊd/出声地, 大声地书中出现54次
All that time she was obtaining exact information as to her Sofya’s manner of life, and hearing of her illness and hideous surroundings she declared aloud two or three times to her retainers: “It serves her right.
jealous/ˈdʒɛɫəs/嫉妒的, 羡慕的, 留心的书中出现52次
… You wanted to put me in prison because you are jealous of me with her, because you’d begun to force your attentions upon her …
coffin/ˈkɔfɪn/棺材, 灵柩书中出现52次
Fyodor Pavlovitch could not show him where his second wife was buried, for he had never visited her grave since he had thrown earth upon her coffin, and in the course of years had entirely forgotten where she was buried.
bow/ˈbaʊ/鞠躬, 屈服书中出现52次
He only listened to Grigory’s minute and solemn account of the erection of the tomb; he stood with bowed head and walked away without uttering a word.
inquire/ˌɪnˈkwaɪɹ/询问, 问明, 查究书中出现50次
She did inquire about him, but she did not know the proper place to inquire.
释义：ECDICT, English to Chinese (MIT) 音标：ipa-dict（MIT），来自维基词典。
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