读《伊利亚特》前要掌握的40个英文单词
The Iliad
荷马在《伊利亚特》中反复使用、又不在英语最常用4000词之内的40个单词。先学会它们，前几章会读得轻松很多。每个单词都附有音标、释义和原书例句。
spear/ˈspɪɹ/矛, 枪, 持矛者书中出现462次
Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.”
armour/ˈɑɹmɝ/甲胄, 装甲, 潜水服书中出现220次
As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.
chariot/ˈtʃɛɹiət/二轮战车书中出现209次
… give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day …
shield/ˈʃiɫd/盾, 防卫物, 保护者书中出现183次
Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses …
till/ˈtɪɫ/直到...为止书中出现174次
A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it.
brave/ˈbɹeɪv/勇敢的, 美好的, 华丽的书中出现151次
Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures …
bronze/ˈbɹɑnz/青铜, 铜像书中出现127次
He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him.”
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/高贵的, 高尚的, 贵族的书中出现125次
And Achilles answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize?
mighty/ˈmaɪti/有势力的, 强大的, 有力的书中出现109次
… son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the anger of the god.”
arrow/ˈæɹoʊ/箭, 箭状物, 箭头记号书中出现102次
… grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans.”
helmet/ˈhɛɫmət/钢盔, 盔, 防护帽书中出现86次
Priam’s son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans, and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those who were longing for the fray.
fleet/ˈfɫit/舰队, 港湾, 小河书中出现85次
He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him.
goddess/ˈɡɑdəs/女神, 美女, 受崇拜的女性书中出现82次
Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans.
immortal/ˌɪˈmɔɹtəɫ/不朽人物, 神仙书中出现75次
Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals.
sword/ˈsɔɹd/刀, 剑, 战争书中出现73次
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside …
honour/ˈɑnɝ/尊敬, 授予荣誉, 承兑书中出现72次
I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel.
comrade/ˈkɑmˌɹæd/同志, 伙伴书中出现70次
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him.
sorrow/ˈsɑɹoʊ/悲伤, 哀惜, 不幸书中出现64次
“Of a truth,” he said, “a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land.
lord/ˈɫɔɹd/称王, 作威作福书中出现63次
Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons.
whereon在什么上面, 在那上面书中出现63次
He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons.
lion/ˈɫaɪən/狮子, 狮子座, 国际狮子会会员书中出现58次
Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then …
glory/ˈɡɫɔɹi/自豪书中出现56次
Ofttimes in my father’s house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others …
goodly/ˈɡʊdɫi/漂亮的, 颇大的, 不错的书中出现53次
Tell me, then, who is yonder huge hero so great and goodly?
mortal/ˈmɔɹtəɫ/不免一死的, 人类的, 临终的书中出现52次
… but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger …
fury/ˈfjʊɹi/愤怒, 狂暴, 狂怒的人书中出现51次
As when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west wind has lashed it into fury—it has reared its head afar and now comes crashing down on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over the jagged rocks and spews its salt foam in all directions—even so did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans march steadfastly to battle.
foremost/ˈfɔɹˌmoʊst/最初的, 最重要的书中出现50次
… not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans.”
weep/ˈwip/哭泣, 流泪, 哀悼书中出现49次
Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters.
fierce/ˈfɪɹs/凶猛的, 猛烈的, 热烈的书中出现49次
These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them.
dart/ˈdɑɹt/飞镖, 投射书中出现48次
Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans.
valiant/ˈvæɫjənt/英勇的书中出现47次
Then Agamemnon said, “Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me.
sack/ˈsæk/把...装入袋, 洗劫书中出现46次
… “and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety …
vouchsafe惠赐, 允许, 给予书中出现40次
… may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans to fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the victory?
hither/ˈhɪðɝ/向这边, 向此处书中出现39次
… son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her—which will press him harder.”
ransom/ˈɹænsəm/赎金, 赎身, 赎回书中出现39次
Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath …
aegis/ˈidʒəs/羊皮盾, 保护, 庇护书中出现38次
“Why are you here,” said he, “daughter of aegis-bearing Jove?
pierce/ˈpɪɹs/刺穿, 穿透, 打眼于书中出现38次
Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.”
perish/ˈpɛɹɪʃ/毁灭, 丧生, 凋谢书中出现37次
Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king …
rein/ˈɹeɪn/缰绳, 统治, 支配书中出现37次
He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain.
spoil/ˈspɔɪɫ/战利品, 赃物, 奖品书中出现37次
We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil.
sheep/ˈʃip/羊, 胆小者书中出现37次
And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies upon the grass lands.
释义：ECDICT, English to Chinese (MIT) 音标：ipa-dict（MIT），来自维基词典。
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