«Скотный двор»: 40 слов, которые стоит выучить перед чтением
Animal Farm
40 слов из книги «Скотный двор» (George Orwell): автор повторяет их снова и снова, а в 4000 самых частых слов английского они не входят. Выучите их заранее, и первые главы пойдут гораздо легче. У каждого слова есть транскрипция, перевод и предложение из книги.
windmill/ˈwɪndˌmɪɫ/ветряная мельница71 раз в книге
But of all their controversies, none was so bitter as the one that took place over the windmill.
sheep/ˈʃip/овца, овечка36 раз в книге
The hens perched themselves on the window-sills, the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters, the sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs and began to chew the cud.
farmhouse/ˈfɑɹmˌhaʊs/крестьянский дом34 раза в книге
Then they filed back to the farm buildings and halted in silence outside the door of the farmhouse.
hoof/ˈhuf/копыто26 раз в книге
… came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs with great care lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw.
barn/ˈbɑɹn/амбар, гумно, овин25 раз в книге
It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way.
hen/ˈhɛn/курица22 раза в книге
And you hens, how many eggs have you laid in this last year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens?
labour/ˈɫeɪbɝ/труд, работа19 раз в книге
Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings.
stall/ˈstɔɫ/стойло, хлев18 раз в книге
I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall, and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living.
harvest/ˈhɑɹvəst/жатва, страда, уборка15 раз в книге
Today we begin the hay harvest.
ration/ˈɹæʃən/паёк, норма, порция14 раз в книге
In return for your four confinements and all your labour in the fields, what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall?
pigeon/ˈpɪdʒən/голубь, голубка14 раз в книге
Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms, tell them the story of the Rebellion …
comrade/ˈkɑmˌɹæd/товарищ13 раз в книге
… of course) and tramp steadily round and round the field with a pig walking behind and calling out "Gee up, comrade!"
utter/ˈətɝ/выговорить, выговаривать, говорить13 раз в книге
… he would move rapidly to and fro, drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement.
straw/ˈstɹɔ/солома13 раз в книге
At one end of the big barn, on a sort of raised platform, Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw, under a lantern which hung from a beam.
orchard/ˈɔɹtʃɝd/сад, фруктовый сад11 раз в книге
… he was devoted to Boxer; the two of them usually spent their Sundays together in the small paddock beyond the orchard, grazing side by side and never speaking.
pasture/ˈpæstʃɝ/выгон, выпас, пастбище11 раз в книге
But they woke at dawn as usual, and suddenly remembering the glorious thing that had happened, they all raced out into the pasture together.
shed/ˈʃɛd/навес, сарай11 раз в книге
One of the cows broke in the door of the store-shed with her horn and all the animals began to help themselves from the bins.
rumour/ˈɹumɝ/слухи10 раз в книге
But there were also rumours of something more serious.
timber/ˈtɪmbɝ/деревоматериал, лесоматериал, пиломатериалы10 раз в книге
It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared.
cart/ˈkɑɹt/воз, арба, повозка10 раз в книге
The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover …
trotter/ˈtɹɑtɝ/копыто9 раз в книге
Major raised his trotter for silence.
honour/ˈɑnɝ/честь9 раз в книге
Let us make it a point of honour to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men could do."
rebellion/ɹɪˈbɛɫjən/бунт, восстание, мятеж9 раз в книге
Nevertheless, they were both thoroughly frightened by the rebellion on Animal Farm, and very anxious to prevent their own animals from learning too much about it.
ribbon/ˈɹɪbən/лента9 раз в книге
She took a place near the front and began flirting her white mane, hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with.
spite/ˈspaɪt/несмотря на9 раз в книге
… but he was still a majestic-looking pig, with a wise and benevolent appearance in spite of the fact that his tushes had never been cut.
bleatingблеяние8 раз в книге
… the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim, and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating "Four legs good, two legs bad!
pellet/ˈpɛɫət/дробь, пули8 раз в книге
The pellets buried themselves in the wall of the barn and the meeting broke up hurriedly.
expulsion/ɪkˈspəɫʃən/изгнание, исключение, отстранение8 раз в книге
In spite of the shock that Snowball's expulsion had given them, the animals were dismayed by this announcement.
quarry/ˈkwɔɹi/каменоломня, карьер8 раз в книге
There was a good quarry of limestone on the farm, and plenty of sand and cement had been found in one of the outhouses …
inch/ˈɪntʃ/дюйм8 раз в книге
As for the horses, they knew every inch of the field, and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done.
clever/ˈkɫɛvɝ/умный, изобретательный, искусный8 раз в книге
Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers.
cockerelпетушок7 раз в книге
He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed …
gallop/ˈɡæɫəp/галопировать, скакать галопом7 раз в книге
Their first act was to gallop in a body right round the boundaries of the farm, as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it …
harness/ˈhɑɹnəs/ремень, сбруя, упряжь7 раз в книге
The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken open; the bits …
growl/ˈɡɹaʊɫ/рык, рычание7 раз в книге
But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent and sat down again.
hedge/ˈhɛdʒ/живой|живая изгородь, живая изгородь7 раз в книге
… the geese, who had been hiding behind the hedge, rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs.
frighten/ˈfɹaɪtən/испугать, напугать, пугать7 раз в книге
… and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost out of their wits.
whip/ˈhwɪp/кнут, бич, плеть7 раз в книге
The next moment he and his four men were in the store-shed with whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions.
knoll/ˈnoʊɫ/бугор, бугорок, горка6 раз в книге
A little way down the pasture there was a knoll that commanded a view of most of the farm.
maxim/ˈmæksəm/изречение, максима, сентенция6 раз в книге
After much thought Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect be reduced to a single maxim, namely: "Four legs good, two legs bad."
Переводы: WikDict, English to Russian (Wiktionary, CC-BY-SA), with the Mueller dictionary for words it lacks Транскрипция: ipa-dict (MIT), по данным Викисловаря.
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