«По ту сторону добра и зла»: 40 слов, которые стоит выучить перед чтением
Beyond Good and Evil
40 слов из книги «По ту сторону добра и зла» (Фридрих Ницше): автор повторяет их снова и снова, а в 4000 самых частых слов английского они не входят. Выучите их заранее, и первые главы пойдут гораздо легче. У каждого слова есть транскрипция, перевод и предложение из книги.
philosopher/fəˈɫɑsəfɝ/философ113 раз в книге
… which is to tempt us to many a hazardous enterprise, the famous Truthfulness of which all philosophers have hitherto spoken with respect, what questions has this Will to Truth not laid before us!
morality/mɝˈæɫəti/мораль, нравственность88 раз в книге
… it is always well (and wise) to first ask oneself: "What morality do they (or does he) aim at?"
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/инстинкт71 раз в книге
… just as little is "being-conscious" OPPOSED to the instinctive in any decisive sense; the greater part of the conscious thinking of a philosopher is secretly influenced by his instincts, and forced into definite channels.
hitherto/ˈhɪˌðɝˈtu/до сих пор, доныне, поднесь61 раз в книге
… such as will have other tastes and inclinations, the reverse of those hitherto prevalent—philosophers of the dangerous "Perhaps" in every sense of the term.
conscience/ˈkɑnʃəns/совесть56 раз в книге
… of their prejudices, which they dub "truths,"—and VERY far from having the conscience which bravely admits this to itself, very far from having the good taste of the courage which goes so far as to let this be understood …
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/благородный, дворянский52 раза в книге
Oh, you noble Stoics, what fraud of words!
sympathy/ˈsɪmpəθi/сострадание, сочувствие46 раз в книге
The latter, when they write books, are in the habit at present of taking the side of criminals; a sort of socialistic sympathy is their favourite disguise.
nowadays/ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz/в наше время, в наши дни, теперь43 раза в книге
… actual, and certain"—will encounter a smile and two notes of interrogation in a philosopher nowadays.
refine/ɹəˈfaɪn/приводить в тонкое, чистое или беспримесное состояние32 раза в книге
… even from the logician's point of view, to get along without the little "one" (to which the worthy old "ego" has refined itself).
honour/ˈɑnɝ/честь31 раз в книге
The belief in "immediate certainties" is a MORAL NAIVETE which does honour to us philosophers; but—we have now to cease being "MERELY moral" men!
sentiment/ˈsɛnəmənt/ощущение29 раз в книге
… is cruelly befooled and abused, until a man learns to introduce a little art into his sentiments, and prefers to try conclusions with the artificial …
namely/ˈneɪmɫi/именно, то есть28 раз в книге
It has gradually become clear to me what every great philosophy up till now has consisted of—namely, the confession of its originator …
consequently/ˈkɑnsəˌkwɛntɫi/следовательно, в результате, вследствие27 раз в книге
… and on the face of it, the word signifies "Flatterers of Dionysius"—consequently, tyrants' accessories and lick-spittles …
mankind/ˈmænˈkaɪnd/род людской, человечество24 раза в книге
Let us call this period the PRE-MORAL period of mankind; the imperative, "Know thyself!"
conceal/kənˈsiɫ/прятать, скрывать, спрятать24 раза в книге
He, the old school-teacher of Samos, who sat concealed in his little garden at Athens, and wrote three hundred books, perhaps out of rage and ambitious envy of Plato, who knows!
genius/ˈdʒinjəs/гений24 раза в книге
… where by a freak of nature, genius is bound to some such indiscreet billy-goat and ape, as in the case of the Abbe Galiani …
betray/bɪˈtɹeɪ/предавать, выдать, выдавать23 раза в книге
… and non-freedom; it is suspicious to have such feelings—the person betrays himself.
folly/ˈfɑɫi/безрассудство, блажь, глупость22 раза в книге
… it is a sort of logical violation and unnaturalness; but the extravagant pride of man has managed to entangle itself profoundly and frightfully with this very folly.
deceive/dɪˈsiv/обманывать, обмануть22 раза в книге
Granting that he deceived himself in this matter; the development and rapid flourishing of German philosophy depended nevertheless on his pride …
conception/kənˈsɛpʃən/идея, концепция, понятие22 раза в книге
… notwithstanding that it disguised itself so boldly, in hoary and senile conceptions), than to take it seriously …
sacrifice/ˈsækɹəˌfaɪs/уничтожение или отказ от чего-либо ради чего-то более важного или ценного22 раза в книге
Never yet did a PROFOUNDER world of insight reveal itself to daring travelers and adventurers, and the psychologist who thus "makes a sacrifice"—it is not the sacrifizio dell' intelletto, on the contrary!—will at least be entitled to demand in return that psychology shall once more be recognized as the queen of the sciences …
divine/dɪˈvaɪn/гадать, погадать22 раза в книге
They divined in him—and as it were behind the questionableness of his frail and wretched appearance—the superior force which wished to test itself by such a subjugation; the strength of will …
contrary/ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/противоположный21 раз в книге
In the philosopher, on the contrary, there is absolutely nothing impersonal …
stupidity/stuˈpɪdɪˌti/глупость, дурость, тупость20 раз в книге
If any one should find out in this manner the crass stupidity of the celebrated conception of "free will" and put it out of his head altogether, I beg of him to carry his "enlightenment" a step further …
disguise/dɪsˈɡaɪz/скрыть, скрывать20 раз в книге
One can do no greater wrong to the whole of this exuberant and eccentric movement (which was really youthfulness, notwithstanding that it disguised itself so boldly, in hoary and senile conceptions) …
cruelty/ˈkɹuəɫti/жестокость, безжалостность, бессердечность19 раз в книге
… inquisitive to a fault, investigators to the point of cruelty, with unhesitating fingers for the intangible …
oneself/ˌwənˈsɛɫf/сам, себе, себя19 раз в книге
… to understand how the abstrusest metaphysical assertions of a philosopher have been arrived at, it is always well (and wise) to first ask oneself: "What morality do they (or does he) aim at?"
attain/əˈteɪn/достичь усилием добиться, добиваться, достигнуть19 раз в книге
… a peculiar narrowness of interpretation, attained supremacy precisely thereby: the origin of an action was interpreted in the most definite sense possible …
delight/dɪˈɫaɪt/восторг, наслаждение, удовольствие19 раз в книге
People were beside themselves with delight over this new faculty, and the jubilation reached its climax when Kant further discovered a moral faculty in man—for at that time Germans were still moral …
therein/ðɛˈɹɪn/здесь, там, в этом18 раз в книге
… works away industriously to that end, WITHOUT the rest of the scholarly impulses taking any material part therein.
herd/ˈhɝd/стадо, табун18 раз в книге
… is the universal, green-meadow happiness of the herd, together with security …
charm/ˈtʃɑɹm/обаяние, очарование, чары18 раз в книге
It is certainly not the least charm of a theory that it is refutable; it is precisely thereby that it attracts the more subtle minds.
valuation/væɫjuˈeɪʃən/переоценка ценностей17 раз в книге
The Jews—a people "born for slavery," as Tacitus and the whole ancient world say of them; "the chosen people among the nations," as they themselves say and believe—the Jews performed the miracle of the inversion of valuations, by means of which life on earth obtained a new and dangerous charm for a couple of millenniums.
distrust/dɪˈstɹəst/недоверие, сомнение17 раз в книге
In this transition one punishes oneself by distrust of one's sentiments; one tortures one's enthusiasm with doubt …
vanity/ˈvænəti/суета, тщеславие17 раз в книге
In the background of all their personal vanity, women themselves have still their impersonal scorn—for "woman".
skepticism/ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm/скепсис, скептицизм17 раз в книге
The skepticism with regard to suffering, fundamentally only an attitude of aristocratic morality, was not the least of the causes, also, of the last great slave-insurrection which began with the French Revolution.
reverence/ˈɹɛvɝəns/благоговение16 раз в книге
Where the populace eat and drink, and even where they reverence, it is accustomed to stink.
fundamentally/ˌfəndəˈmɛnəɫi/в сущности16 раз в книге
… persuasively, and CONVINCINGLY upon an age with fundamentally plebeian tastes—in fact, it follows instinctively the canon of truth of eternal popular sensualism.
philosophical/ˌfɪɫəˈsɑfɪkəɫ/философский16 раз в книге
… I now say to myself that the greater part of conscious thinking must be counted among the instinctive functions, and it is so even in the case of philosophical thinking; one has here to learn anew …
elevation/ˌɛɫəˈveɪʃən/подъём15 раз в книге
… and serpentine in man, serves as well for the elevation of the human species as its opposite—we do not even say enough when we only say THIS MUCH, and in any case we find ourselves here …
Переводы: WikDict, English to Russian (Wiktionary, CC-BY-SA), with the Mueller dictionary for words it lacks Транскрипция: ipa-dict (MIT), по данным Викисловаря.
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