«Демократия: истинная или ложная?»: 40 слов, которые стоит выучить перед чтением
Democracy—false or true?
40 слов из книги «Демократия: истинная или ложная?» (У. Б. Ричмонд): автор повторяет их снова и снова, а в 4000 самых частых слов английского они не входят. Выучите их заранее, и первые главы пойдут гораздо легче. У каждого слова есть транскрипция, перевод и предложение из книги.
labour/ˈɫeɪbɝ/труд, работа92 раза в книге
Obviously, the gods thought well of labour and the labourer both loved and feared the gods.
wag/ˈwæɡ/заработная плата38 раз в книге
If wages reach an extravagant sum, capital will not find the money to pay them.
leisure/ˈɫɛʒɝ/досуг, свободное время33 раза в книге
Before Labour is fit to govern it must learn how to use leisure.
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/благородный, дворянский30 раз в книге
a very noble art going hand in hand with “modern” economies and created in a primitive age, as we call it.
idle/ˈaɪdəɫ/ленивый29 раз в книге
In the period of exercise to gain some experience capital would be wasted; it might be gambled away or spent in hours of idle self-indulgence.
ignorant/ˈɪɡnɝənt/тёмный, невежественный, неграмотный26 раз в книге
One thing, however, is pretty certain; he will be as good or evil, ignorant or learned, as he chooses.
neighbour/ˈneɪbɝ/ближний23 раза в книге
… and, having done that as the first duty to his neighbour and to himself as an honourable man, he must have proved by the good use of his hours of leisure that he is in earnest …
workman/ˈwɝkmən/работник, рабочий23 раза в книге
… our workmen still saw straight according to their ancient traditions as yet unbroken, as yet deaf to “catch words” from noisy rhetoric out of the mouths of ignorant and mischievous leaders inflated by vanity and rendered blind by egotism and desire for power over a more ignorant but clear-thinking workman.
poison/ˈpɔɪzən/яд, отрава23 раза в книге
Iron, steel, explosives, every poison upon the Pharmacy List, every evil pulsation of the heart were German weapons.
agriculture/ˈæɡɹɪˌkəɫtʃɝ/агрикультура, агрокультура, земледелие23 раза в книге
Demeter was the goddess of corn, the protectress of agriculture.
craftsmanship/ˈkɹæfsmənˌʃɪp/мастерство22 раза в книге
What was the meaning of all this superb beauty of labour and craftsmanship?
industrious/ˌɪnˈdəstɹiəs/прилежный, работящий, трудолюбивый21 раз в книге
If a man is industrious he has trained himself to be so by acting upon a theory which he has found to be advantageous.
primitive/ˈpɹɪmətɪv/первобытный человек20 раз в книге
We still think of Apollo as the primitive author and forerunner of all that Greece became.
prevail/pɹiˈveɪɫ/быть распространённым или преобладающим20 раз в книге
It prevailed!
cease/ˈsis/перестать, переставать, прекратить20 раз в книге
When reason and peaceful persuasion cease to avail, powder and shot have to be used, and sometimes unmercifully!
instinct/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/инстинкт20 раз в книге
There is a great deal to be said for emotion, it is our strongest instinct.
artificial/ˌɑɹtəˈfɪʃəɫ/искусственный20 раз в книге
It is evident whatever artificial light they used was smokeless, because the ceiling and walls are not discoloured.
honour/ˈɑnɝ/честь19 раз в книге
Thus have they done it honour.
discontent/dɪskənˈtɛnt/недовольство19 раз в книге
And yet somehow, although perhaps they cannot define it, they feel a want, a yearning for something better, and it is that which makes their souls discontented, hard, and unsympathetic.
industrialismиндустриализм17 раз в книге
… the voices of the winds, even the wild utterances of beasts of the forest than the shrieks of machinery of which industrialism is so proud.
craftsman/ˈkɹæfsmən/ремесленник17 раз в книге
… from a straw bed, from a girl of the people and a craftsman.
tyranny/ˈtɪɹəni/тирания17 раз в книге
Licence is, in fact, the grossest form of tyranny.
worship/ˈwɝʃəp/чтить, благоговеть, боготворить17 раз в книге
… for fear of vengeance from the God of Light, whom they worshipped.
recognise/ˈɹɛkəɡˌnaɪz/признать15 раз в книге
… and they are quite capable to do that, will recognise that to preach “equality” is one thing; it sounds attractive …
folly/ˈfɑɫi/безрассудство, блажь, глупость15 раз в книге
What folly it is when it is regarded coolly, rationally and with common sense!
cultivate/ˈkəɫtəˌveɪt/возделывать, возделать, обрабатывать15 раз в книге
First comes the open country, freely cultivated, then the city …
agitator/ˈædʒəˌteɪtɝ/агитатор14 раз в книге
The most prominent agitators fell as victims to their cruelties and misdeeds.
squalor/ˈskwɑɫɝ/грязь, убожество14 раз в книге
I have lived long enough to have seen the agriculture of our dear country productive and the people, relatively to now, content; when squalor was a far rarer spectacle than now.
starve/ˈstɑɹv/умирать от голод|голода, голодать, изголодаться14 раз в книге
Doubtless starving.
desirable/dɪˈzaɪɝəbəɫ/желанный, желательный14 раз в книге
It is likely that the desirable, according to my philosophy, would be the undesirable to many, perhaps, just now, most people!
genius/ˈdʒinjəs/гениальность, одарённость14 раз в книге
… these monuments to the skill, industry and genius of Egyptian craftsmen 4,000 years ago stand as an example to us moderns, who at present show no signs of handing their genius down even to a dozen generations.
centre/ˈsɛntɝ/Центр13 раз в книге
All the pagan gods emanate from the Divine centre, be it Olympus, Rome, or Jerusalem.
selfish/ˈsɛɫfɪʃ/эгоистичный13 раз в книге
… to please their followers whom they have coerced, would advocate a purely class and selfish policy which might lead to civil war, of all wars the one which is certainly soul-killing.
erect/ɪˈɹɛkt/возводить, сооружать, строить13 раз в книге
They thought thus to obliterate His teaching, to wipe out the Ideal He taught, the Utopia He would erect—a kingdom of the soul that He would revive in the materialistic Roman decay.
neglect/nəˈɡɫɛkt/запускать, забрасывать13 раз в книге
We, the English, were growing idle, neglecting agriculture, buying from foreign markets instead of creating our own.
goods/ˈɡʊdz/благо, добро, продукт12 раз в книге
The agricultural labourer is helping to feed his country, the craftsman is making desirable and durable goods for his own as well as foreign markets, and they must be the best he can turn out to his honour!
simplicity/sɪmˈpɫɪsəti/простота12 раз в книге
In their efforts to codify it and convert its simplicity into dogmatic and puzzling creeds, upon acceptance of which or not depends the salvation or damnation of the human race …
attain/əˈteɪn/достичь усилием добиться, добиваться, достигнуть12 раз в книге
If it were possible to attain equality it would ruin the world; it would paralyse effort; it would reduce mankind to a system of self-indulgence, lassitude, and, finally, to imbecility.
peasant/ˈpɛzənt/крестьянин, крестьянка, селянин12 раз в книге
Apollo the Healer was to give way before the child of a Nazarene peasant and a humble carpenter.
labourerрабочий11 раз в книге
Think of it, farmers, agricultural labourers, and all who live on and by the land!
Переводы: WikDict, English to Russian (Wiktionary, CC-BY-SA), with the Mueller dictionary for words it lacks Транскрипция: ipa-dict (MIT), по данным Викисловаря.
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