«Илиада»: 40 слов, которые стоит выучить перед чтением
The Iliad
40 слов из книги «Илиада» (Гомер): автор повторяет их снова и снова, а в 4000 самых частых слов английского они не входят. Выучите их заранее, и первые главы пойдут гораздо легче. У каждого слова есть транскрипция, перевод и предложение из книги.
spear/ˈspɪɹ/копьё, дротик, пика462 раза в книге
Try, that others may see; if you do, my spear shall be reddened with your blood.”
armour/ˈɑɹmɝ/бронировать220 раз в книге
As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.
chariot/ˈtʃɛɹiət/колесница209 раз в книге
… give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day …
shield/ˈʃiɫd/щит183 раза в книге
Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses …
till/ˈtɪɫ/до, до тех пор пока174 раза в книге
A plain man cannot stand against the anger of a king, who if he swallow his displeasure now, will yet nurse revenge till he has wreaked it.
brave/ˈbɹeɪv/храбрый, бесстрашный, бравый151 раз в книге
Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures …
bronze/ˈbɹɑnz/бронзовый, бронза127 раз в книге
He will return to Olympus twelve days hence; I will then go to his mansion paved with bronze and will beseech him; nor do I doubt that I shall be able to persuade him.”
noble/ˈnoʊbəɫ/благородный, дворянский125 раз в книге
And Achilles answered, “Most noble son of Atreus, covetous beyond all mankind, how shall the Achaeans find you another prize?
mighty/ˈmaɪti/мощный, могущественный109 раз в книге
… son of Peleus, mighty warrior that you are, that we may offer sacrifice and appease the anger of the god.”
arrow/ˈæɹoʊ/стрела102 раза в книге
… grant my prayer, and let your arrows avenge these my tears upon the Danaans.”
helmet/ˈhɛɫmət/шлем, каска, шелом86 раз в книге
Priam’s son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans, and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those who were longing for the fray.
fleet/ˈfɫit/флот, парк, флотилия85 раз в книге
He it was who had guided the Achaeans with their fleet to Ilius, through the prophesyings with which Phoebus Apollo had inspired him.
goddess/ˈɡɑdəs/богиня82 раза в книге
Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans.
immortal/ˌɪˈmɔɹtəɫ/бессмертный75 раз в книге
Never again can I behold such men as Pirithous and Dryas shepherd of his people, or as Caeneus, Exadius, godlike Polyphemus, and Theseus son of Aegeus, peer of the immortals.
sword/ˈsɔɹd/меч, сабля, шпага73 раза в книге
The son of Peleus was furious, and his heart within his shaggy breast was divided whether to draw his sword, push the others aside …
honour/ˈɑnɝ/честь72 раза в книге
I have others here who will do me honour, and above all Jove, the lord of counsel.
comrade/ˈkɑmˌɹæd/друг, подруга, товарищ70 раз в книге
Patroclus did as his dear comrade had bidden him.
sorrow/ˈsɑɹoʊ/грусть, скорбь, горе64 раза в книге
“Of a truth,” he said, “a great sorrow has befallen the Achaean land.
lord/ˈɫɔɹd/властвовать, господствовать63 раза в книге
Go home, then, with your ships and comrades to lord it over the Myrmidons.
whereonгде63 раза в книге
He charged them straightly further and dismissed them, whereon they went their way sorrowfully by the seaside, till they came to the tents and ships of the Myrmidons.
lion/ˈɫaɪən/лев, львица58 раз в книге
Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then …
glory/ˈɡɫɔɹi/честь, слава, хвала56 раз в книге
Ofttimes in my father’s house have I heard you glory in that you alone of the immortals saved the son of Saturn from ruin, when the others …
goodly/ˈɡʊdɫi/значительный, представительный53 раза в книге
Tell me, then, who is yonder huge hero so great and goodly?
mortal/ˈmɔɹtəɫ/смертный52 раза в книге
… but let them be witnesses by the blessed gods, by mortal men, and by the fierceness of Agamemnon’s anger …
fury/ˈfjʊɹi/ярость, бешенство, неистовство51 раз в книге
As when some mighty wave that thunders on the beach when the west wind has lashed it into fury—it has reared its head afar and now comes crashing down on the shore; it bows its arching crest high over the jagged rocks and spews its salt foam in all directions—even so did the serried phalanxes of the Danaans march steadfastly to battle.
foremost/ˈfɔɹˌmoʊst/первостепенный, первый50 раз в книге
… not though you name Agamemnon himself, who is by far the foremost of the Achaeans.”
weep/ˈwip/лить слёзы, плакать, рыдать49 раз в книге
Then Achilles went all alone by the side of the hoar sea, weeping and looking out upon the boundless waste of waters.
fierce/ˈfɪɹs/грозный, лютый, неистовый49 раз в книге
These were the mightiest men ever born upon this earth: mightiest were they, and when they fought the fiercest tribes of mountain savages they utterly overthrew them.
dart/ˈdɑɹt/дротик48 раз в книге
Then the god sent a deadly dart upon the Argives, and the people died thick on one another, for the arrows went everywhither among the wide host of the Achaeans.
valiant/ˈvæɫjənt/доблестный, отважный, смелый47 раз в книге
Then Agamemnon said, “Achilles, valiant though you be, you shall not thus outwit me.
sack/ˈsæk/добыча, награбленное46 раз в книге
… “and all other Achaeans, may the gods who dwell in Olympus grant you to sack the city of Priam, and to reach your homes in safety …
vouchsafeсоизволить, удостаивать, удостоить40 раз в книге
… may we not now leave the Trojans and Achaeans to fight it out, and see to which of the two Jove will vouchsafe the victory?
hither/ˈhɪðɝ/сюда39 раз в книге
… son of Peleus; take Briseis by the hand and bring her hither; if he will not give her I shall come with others and take her—which will press him harder.”
ransom/ˈɹænsəm/выкуп39 раз в книге
Now Chryses had come to the ships of the Achaeans to free his daughter, and had brought with him a great ransom: moreover he bore in his hand the sceptre of Apollo wreathed with a suppliant’s wreath …
aegis/ˈidʒəs/эгида38 раз в книге
“Why are you here,” said he, “daughter of aegis-bearing Jove?
pierce/ˈpɪɹs/прокалывать, проколоть, пронзать38 раз в книге
Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.”
perish/ˈpɛɹɪʃ/гибнуть, погибнуть, погибать37 раз в книге
Let the Achaeans be hemmed in at the sterns of their ships, and perish on the sea-shore, that they may reap what joy they may of their king …
rein/ˈɹeɪn/повод, бразды, вожжи37 раз в книге
He mounted the chariot, gathered the reins in his hand, and Antenor took his seat beside him; they then drove through the Scaean gates on to the plain.
spoil/ˈspɔɪɫ/трофей37 раз в книге
We went to Thebe the strong city of Eetion, sacked it, and brought hither the spoil.
sheep/ˈʃip/овца, овечка37 раз в книге
And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies upon the grass lands.
Переводы: WikDict, English to Russian (Wiktionary, CC-BY-SA), with the Mueller dictionary for words it lacks Транскрипция: ipa-dict (MIT), по данным Викисловаря.
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