«Государь»: 40 слов, которые стоит выучить перед чтением
The Prince
40 слов из книги «Государь» (Никколо Макиавелли): автор повторяет их снова и снова, а в 4000 самых частых слов английского они не входят. Выучите их заранее, и первые главы пойдут гораздо легче. У каждого слова есть транскрипция, перевод и предложение из книги.
prince/ˈpɹɪns/князь, принц185 раз в книге
Those who strive to obtain the good graces of a prince are accustomed to come before him with such things as they hold most precious, or in which they see him take most delight …
duke/ˈduk/герцог63 раза в книге
Machiavelli never hesitates to cite the actions of the duke for the benefit of usurpers who wish to keep the states they have seized; he can …
principality/ˌpɹɪnsɪˈpæɫɪti/княжество44 раза в книге
All states, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have been and are either republics or principalities.
whilst/ˈwaɪɫst/покуда38 раз в книге
… their chief aim was to appear well dressed and to speak with wit and acuteness, whilst he who could wound others the most cleverly was thought the wisest.”
ruin/ˈɹuən/разрушить, разрушать, уничтожить38 раз в книге
Julius did not rest until he had ruined Cesare.
afterwards/ˈæftɝwɝdz/после, потом, впоследствии37 раз в книге
… after acquiring rebellious provinces a second time, they are not so lightly lost afterwards, because the prince …
kingdom/ˈkɪŋdəm/королевство, царство33 раза в книге
… members annexed to the hereditary state of the prince who has acquired them, as was the kingdom of Naples to that of the King of Spain.
infantry/ˈɪnfəntɹi/пехота, пехотинец32 раза в книге
… which may be as keys to that state, for it is necessary either to do this or else to keep there a great number of cavalry and infantry.
favour/ˈfeɪvɝ/милость30 раз в книге
Machiavelli, when commenting on this election, says that he who thinks new favours will cause great personages to forget old injuries deceives himself.
conquer/ˈkɑŋkɝ/завоёвывать, завоевать, победить29 раз в книге
Therefore, he who considers both of these states will recognize great difficulties in seizing the state of the Turk, but, once it is conquered, great ease in holding it.
stat/ˈstæt/государство28 раз в книге
It is impossible to follow here the varying fortunes of the Italian states, which in 1507 were controlled by France …
valourдоблесть, храбрость, героизм27 раз в книге
Thus one year after he had committed this parricide, he was strangled, together with Vitellozzo, whom he had made his leader in valour and wickedness.
cavalry/ˈkævəɫɹi/кавалерия, конница25 раз в книге
From the above I have excepted the Turk, who always keeps round him twelve thousand infantry and fifteen thousand cavalry on which depend the security and strength of the kingdom, and it is necessary that …
lord/ˈɫɔɹd/владелец, властитель, господин22 раза в книге
… the one, that the family of their former lord is extinguished; the other …
accustom/əˈkəstəm/привыкнуть, привыкать21 раз в книге
Such dominions thus acquired are either accustomed to live under a prince, or to live in freedom …
emperor/ˈɛmpɝɝ/царь, император21 раз в книге
… in order that they might hold the cities both for his security and his glory; as also were those emperors who, by the corruption of the soldiers …
cruelty/ˈkɹuəɫti/жестокость, безжалостность, бессердечность20 раз в книге
… he desired to show that, if any cruelty had been practised, it had not originated with him …
compel/kəmˈpɛɫ/заставлять, вынудить, вынуждать20 раз в книге
… if not unmeaning: we are compelled to say that “Rome maintained friendly relations with the Ætolians,” etc., using four words to do the work of one.
fortress/ˈfɔɹtɹəs/крепость19 раз в книге
… “my lady of Forli” of The Prince, from whose conduct and fate he drew the moral that it is far better to earn the confidence of the people than to rely on fortresses.
hatred/ˈheɪtɹəd/ненависть19 раз в книге
… all the subject states are drawn to him, moved by the hatred which they feel against the ruling power.
hostile/ˈhɑstəɫ/враждебный, вражеский, неприятельский19 раз в книге
Thus it happens that whenever those who are hostile have the opportunity to attack they do it like partisans, whilst the others defend lukewarmly …
mercenary/ˈmɝsəˌnɛɹi/наёмник, наймит, наймитка18 раз в книге
I say, therefore, that the arms with which a prince defends his state are either his own, or they are mercenaries, auxiliaries, or mixed.
greatness/ˈɡɹeɪtnəs/состояние, свойство или качество быть великим17 раз в книге
His youth was concurrent with the greatness of Florence as an Italian power under the guidance of Lorenzo de’ Medici, Il Magnifico.
thee/ˈði/тебе, тебя, тобой16 раз в книге
… I should have laboured less, and I should have left thee, if a smaller state …
honour/ˈɑnɝ/честь15 раз в книге
… take pains to study letters and music, for you see what honour is done to me for the little skill I have.
liberality/ˌɫɪˌbɝˈæɫəˌti/тороватость15 раз в книге
… humanity, and liberality Scipio conformed to those things which have been written of Cyrus by Xenophon.
thou/ˈðaʊ/ты15 раз в книге
And in order that thou shouldst not only possess the estate which thy father left, but also that which my fortune and abilities have gained …
deceive/dɪˈsiv/обманывать, обмануть15 раз в книге
… because those who had opened the gates to him, finding themselves deceived in their hopes of future benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince.
faction/ˈfækʃən/фракция, группировка, клика15 раз в книге
… according to their rank, honouring them with office and command in such a way that in a few months all attachment to the factions was destroyed and turned entirely to the duke.
ambition/æmˈbɪʃən/амбиция, честолюбие15 раз в книге
Machiavelli’s public life was largely occupied with events arising out of the ambitions of Pope Alexander VI and his son, Cesare Borgia …
empire/ˈɛmpaɪɝ/империя, царство15 раз в книге
Then—to pass to a higher plane—Machiavelli reiterates that, although crimes may win an empire, they do not win glory.
glory/ˈɡɫɔɹi/честь, слава, хвала15 раз в книге
… where princes were made by Darius, in order that they might hold the cities both for his security and his glory; as also were those emperors who …
reproach/ɹiˈpɹoʊtʃ/упрёк, укор, укоризна14 раз в книге
And again, he need not make himself uneasy at incurring a reproach for those vices without which the state can only be saved with difficulty, for if everything is considered carefully …
offend/əˈfɛnd/обидеть, обижать, оскорбить14 раз в книге
… being tasted less, they offend less; benefits ought to be given little by little …
faithful/ˈfeɪθfəɫ/верный, преданный14 раз в книге
… because having always kept faith I could not now learn how to break it; for he who has been faithful and honest, as I have …
dominion/dəˈmɪnjən/владычество, доминион, царство13 раз в книге
… nor those of Pope Julius in ’10, unless he had been long established in his dominions.
conspiracy/kənˈspɪɹəsi/заговор, сговор13 раз в книге
Shortly after this he was accused of complicity in an abortive conspiracy against the Medici, imprisoned, and put to the question by torture.
castle/ˈkæsəɫ/замок12 раз в книге
The castle of Milan, built by Francesco Sforza, has made, and will make, more trouble for the house of Sforza than any other disorder in the state.
foreigner/ˈfɑɹənɝ/иноземец, иноземка, иностранец12 раз в книге
And the usual course of affairs is that, as soon as a powerful foreigner enters a country, all the subject states are drawn to him …
goodwill/ˈɡʊdˈwɪɫ/благоволение, благожелательность, благосклонность11 раз в книге
For, although one may be very strong in armed forces, yet in entering a province one has always need of the goodwill of the natives.
Переводы: WikDict, English to Russian (Wiktionary, CC-BY-SA), with the Mueller dictionary for words it lacks Транскрипция: ipa-dict (MIT), по данным Викисловаря.
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